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Traditionally, genetics laboratory exercises at the university level focus on mono- and dihybrid crosses and phenotypic analysis--exercises under traditional time, materials, and process constraints. Lately, molecular techniques such as gene cloning, polymerase chain reactions (PCR), and bioinformatics are being included in many teaching laboratories--where affordable. Human chromosome analysis, when present at all, has often been restricted to simple identification of chromosomes by number, through the usual "cut-and-paste" method. Although several online karyotyping (chromosome...

Traditionally, genetics laboratory exercises at the university level focus on mono- and dihybrid crosses and phenotypic analysis--exercises under traditional time, materials, and process constraints. Lately, molecular techniques such as gene cloning, polymerase chain reactions (PCR), and bioinformatics are being included in many teaching laboratories--where affordable. Human chromosome analysis, when present at all, has often been restricted to simple identification of chromosomes by number, through the usual "cut-and-paste" method. Although several online karyotyping (chromosome...