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In the period between the eleventh and the thirteenth centuries migrations from the Frankish heartland into different parts of Europe created a situation in which we see the "Europeanization of Europe". In the course of time, in terms of tenurial structure, landholding, ecclesiastical and military systems as well as onomastics, different regions of Europe implemented similar patterns. This book examines this process through a local study of eastern Suffolk in England between 1066 and 1166. In the first place, the identity, landholdings and the tenants of the post-Conquest lords in...

The Ottoman educational modernization and secularization period witnessed the emergence of more than one type of educational systems that were parallel to the central system. This study discusses the new educational amendments, which were related to the process of the emergence of ideological infrastructures at the state, community and missionary schools of the late nineteenth century Kayseri. This examination will be useful to understand the patterns of inter-communal relations especially in the decade of 1870-1880. We shall see that, even in the non-existence of the foreign ...