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The presumption of innocence is universally recognized as a fundamental human right and a core principle in the administration of criminal justice. Nonetheless, statutes creating criminal offenses regularly depart from the presumption of innocence by requiring defendants to prove specific matters in order to avoid conviction. Legislatures and courts seek to justify this departure by asserting that the reversal of the burden of proof is necessary to meet the community interest in prosecuting serious crime and maintaining workable criminal sanctions. This book investigates the supposed...

This Volume focuses on ongoing research in the area of Name Reactions in Organic Chemistry and includes many new reagents and reactions now referred to by their names. Valuable features are typical examples (chemical equations), including an experimental procedure, and important references as well as indexes.