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Rudolph Virchow (1821-1902) was a leading figure in the medical, political and intellectual life of Germany in the second half of the nineteenth century. His most famous work was "Cellular Pathology" which described the primary role of the functioning of the cells in the lesions of diseases. Virchow wrote many books and more than 2,000 articles mainly in the fields of medicine and anthropology. He edited several journals, including Virchow s Archive and was a member of numerous professional societies. Nevertheless, only a small proportion of Virchow s writing is available in English...

In 1890, just a few years after the discovery of the chromosomes, David Paul Hansemann, a pathologist-in-training with the famous Rudolph Virchow in Berlin, produced a theory of the pathogenesis of cancer involving the key current concept: that the first change which occurs in cancer is an alteration of the hereditary material of a normal cell at the site where the cancerous process begins.

In the process of linking cancer to chromosomal material, Hansemann coined the terms "anaplasia" and "dedifferentiation." These terms have remained the basis of descriptive...