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The internationalisation of food retailing and manufacturing that has swept through the agri-food system in industrialised countries is now moving into middle- and low-income countries with large rural populations, causing significant institutional changes that affect small producer agriculture and the livelihoods of rural communities the world over. Farmers and policy-makers are struggling to keep up with the wave of new demands being made on their supply chains by food manufacturers and retailers. In the process, new questions and challenges are arising: Can small-scale farmers organise to...

Agrifood markets are in an unprecendented state of flux, and are generating intense policy debate worldwide. The primary drivers are market liberalization, a reduced role of the state and shifts into market-driven policy, changes in consumer preferences and purchasing power rising energy and food prices, climate change and its implications, and the modernization of food processing and retail itself. The modernization of retail has been accompanied in some cases by political turmoil, especially in India where local traders and farmers feel a threat to their livelihoods. Market modernization...