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Diabetes mellitus is a multifactorial disorder. Cytokines secreted by the monocyte-macrophage system play a key role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF- is believed to have an important role in the progression of diabetes. The present study was conducted to assess the level of TNF- and to find its relationship with insulin sensitivity and other indicators of metabolic syndrome among newly diagnosed type II diabetic subjects. 100 diabetic subjects (age; 48.63 0.92, BMI; 28.51 0.52) were included in the study. Four groups were made on the basis of BMI as...

Microbial assessment of waste effluents from dairy industry revealed the presence of gram positive and gram-negative bacteria. Maximum percentage of E.coli was observed in milk and yogurt waste samples as compared to cheese and butter waste effluent. There is significant difference in number of bacterial colonies among dairy waste effluents. Some strains of E.coli are pathogenic and can cause serious health effects to humans by direct or indirect waste such as through water bodies to which waste effluent is discharged.

Inflammation may play a crucial intermediary role in the pathogenesis linking diabetes with a number of commonly coexisting conditions thought to originate through inflammatory mechanisms. Adipose tissue is a key endocrine organ that has a central role in obesity associated complications such as dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, hypertension and atherosclerosis. Enlargement of adipocytes due to impaired adipocyte differentiation leads to chronic state of inflammation in adipocyte that result an increase in the release of proinflammatory cytokines as IL-6 and IL-8, which might have an effect...