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Nationalisation process covers three distinct phases: indigenisation of management positions, institutional development and capacity building, and complete handover of ownership. National staff often consider nationalisation as a negative step as it brings uncertainty for viability of the organisation. INGOs perceive nationalisation as a developmental step for enhancing local ownership, participation and capacity, and moving from direct implementation to partnership. However, they also view this as a convenient way of phasing out their involvement motivated by a lack of funding. Donors...