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The combined bio-production of hydrogen and methane from Organic Waste Materials (OWM) is considered to be an ideal way of utilizing waste, and can increase energy efficiency (the substrate Heat Value converted into H2 and CH4 fuel) to roughly 80%, since the energy efficiency of H2-production alone (15%) is not energetically competitive.

This book presents a Two-Stage Anaerobic Digestion (TSAD) technique for producing hydrogen and methane, following a step-by-step approach in order to guide readers through the experimental verification of the related hypothesis. In the first stage of AD, the reaction conditions are optimized to obtain the maximum amount of hydrogen, while in the second the liquid residue from the first phase is used as a substrate to produce fuel-methane. AD has traditionally been used to reduce the organic content of waste; this results in a biogas that is primarily constituted of CH4 and CO2. Over the last...

For the control and mitigation of hydrate formation in natural gas pipelines, multi approach study is required. Multi approach scheme of controlling parameters to avoid the hydrate formation or combination of different methods, like dehydration, inhibition, temperature and pressure control is required for controlling or removing the hydrates depending upon the specific conditions of the system. this book includes a deep study of the hydrate chemistry, hydrate detection methods and strategies to overcome the hydrate formation. This book will provide a thorough study of Hydrate formation to...