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Atherosclerosis and its complications are responsible for about 40% of deaths in the developed world and for about 30% of fatalities in developing nations.However, despite the consistent effects of lipid-lowering medications in reducing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, the reductions in clinical events remain modest, ranging from 25 to 35%. In addition to lipid modification, blockade of renin angiotensin system, reduction of oxidative stress, augmentation of nitric oxide availability, reduction of Ca2+ influx as well as attenuation of inflammation, platelet activation, smooth muscle...

Current strategies to prevent and slow the progression of atherosclerosis have involved life style modification (diet modification, smoking cessation and physical activities) and pharmacologic intervention.Prevention of oxidative stress as well as attenuation of inflammation,have been recognized as targets for drug treatment to control the development, progression and management of atherosclerosis. Recent studies showed that aliskiren, direct renin inhibitor approved for the treatment of hypertension and ivabradine, heart rate-lowering agent provide antixoidant and aniinflammatory action.This...

Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease that is endemic to American, African, Asian and southern European countries. More than 350 million individuals in 88 countries are at risk of infection from this neglected tropical disease. No effective vaccinations are available against leishmaniasis, and control of the disease relies entirely on toxic drug treatments, some of which were developed as early as the 1940s. As parasite resistance becomes more prevalent, there is increasing concern that currently used drugs will soon become ineffective treatments. Consequently, an urgent need exists to search...