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Malocclusion is regarded as a deviation from the normal occlusion. Classifying a given case of malocclusion is an essential prerequisite for diagnosis, treatment planning and to assess the effects of orthodontic therapy. Classification of malocclusion is also helpful in determining prevalence or severity of malocclusion in a community. Although numerous attempts were made throughout the nineteenth century to classify malocclusions, it was not until the end of that century that a widely accepted classification came into existence. Publication of the landmark article, "The...

Orthodontic study models are accurate plaster reproductions of the teeth, alveolar process and their surrounding soft tissues. They are essential diagnostic records, which allow examination of teeth and the occlusion from all directions. They are invaluable tools required for orthodontic diagnosis, treatment planning, and fabrication of orthodontic appliances. Orthodontic study models are also used for patient education and monitoring the progress of orthodontic treatment. The study models are required for fabrication of orthodontic appliances such as removable orthodontic appliances,...