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An antimicrobial is a substance that kills or inhibits the growth of microbes such as bacteria, fungi, or viruses. Antimicrobial drugs either kill microbes (microbicidal) or prevent the growth of microbes (microbiostatic). The discovery of antimicrobials like penicillin and tetracycline paved the way for better health for millions around the world. Before 1941, the year penicillin was discovered; no true cure for gonorrhea, strep throat, or pneumonia existed. Patients with infected wounds often had to have a wounded limb removed, or face death from infection. This book focuses on insights of...

Endosseous dental implants have revolutionized the fields of implants and periodontics. During the last decade, a great deal of information has been generatedconcerning the effectiveness and predictability of endosseous implants. Implant placement is a viable option in the treatment of partial and full edentulism and has become an integral facet of periodontal therapy. The available implants are remarkably successful. However, there is no one ideal implant system. The following areas need further study: edentulous sites with inadequate bone for endosseous implants, splinting of implants to...

Disease models such as the oncomouse and the Alzheimer s mouse have been hugely influential in the body of support for transgenic animals as they exhibit the most important of potential human benefits: aiding our understanding and treating life threatening illness. The use of animals for testing treatments is necessary because of the ethical gulf which prevents us from performing initial tests on humans. Biopharming represent another means of improving the human condition by producing human proteins in their milk, blood or eggs. The resultant protein can then be purified and used to treat...

Conventional drug delivery system were used for long time.Drug was usually administered in forms such as tablet, capsule, emulsion, suspension etc but administering drug using these conventional dosage form encountered a number of problems.The problems were mainly regarding poor distribution, stability, site delivery etc. most of these problems were solved by using Novel drug delivery system(NDDS). Liposome is one amongst those drug delivery system.With the help of liposomes it was possible to deliver the drug in a controlled manner. Drugs included in the liposomes directly reached to the...

Any drug given in the form of parenteral dosage form like emulsion, suspension, solution etc. it is not best suited for the long time therapy. Long time drug release profile in controlled manner achieved by nano particle which is difficult by parenteral suspension or parenteral solution. Nano particulate drug delivery is the novel concept now a days. Nano particulate drug delivery is used to get maximum bio-availability for the potent drug with minimal side effect. Nano particulate drug delivery is also useful for maintaining the drug concentration in therapeutic window for the drug having...