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Neural tube defects are one of the most common malformations in human beings. These occur due to failure of neural tube to close properly during its embryonic development. Its etiology has a strong genetic component. Prevalence varies according to geographical location, race, socioeconomic status, sex, maternal age, parity, nutritional deficiencies, occupational exposure, infectious diseases, hyperthermia, stress, gestational diabetes, etc.A proper history and physical examination helps arrive at a correct diagnosis.Untreated neural tube defects could induce premature closure of some cranial...

Impaction of permanent canine is not a recent phenomenon, but one that is becoming increasingly observed. The canine is relatively resistant to dental caries and periodontal disease. Its major value lies in its long root, excellent bony support, and characteristic crown shape. These endowments allow it to exert a stabilizing influence on occlusal forces by assuming the major occlusal load during mastication. The highly developed proprioceptive ability of the canine helps protect the remaining teeth and add to the longevity of the dentition.The maxillary canine is perhaps the most variably...