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Diagnosis of human schistosomiasis is very central to make a decision on individual case management, at all stages of control programs and for comparing control programs. The conventional ways of demonstrating parasite eggs in feces and urine for diagnosis of infection by schistosomes have drawbacks in sensitivity, especially in case of light infection. These drawbacks attracted researchers attention for innovation of new approaches which are reliable, easy to perform. The occurrence and development of schistosomiasis is strongly depended on human immunity against schistosomes. Thus, analysis...

Haptoglobin is an acute phase protein that plays a role in modulating many aspects of the acute phase response. Acute-phase changes reflect the presence and intensity of inflammation, and they have long been used as a clinical guide to diagnosis and management. For this purpose, determination of serum haptoglobin phenotypes is expected to have advantages over the traditional strategy. Haptoglobin polymorphism is associated with the prevalence and clinical evolution of many inflammatory diseases, including infections, atherosclerosis, and autoimmune disorders. In the present study we aimed to...