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How was Spain able to govern its enormous colonial territories? In 1573 the king decreed that his councilors should acquire "complete knowledge" about the empire they were running from out of Madrid, and he initiated an impressive program for the systematic collection of empirical knowledge. Brendecke shows why this knowledge was created in the first place but then hardly used. And he looks into the question of what political effects such a policy of knowledge had for Spain s colonial rule.

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What was the end of fortuna? The contributions aim at investigating the question whether there does exist a historical link between the last and manifold blossoming of a discourse on "Fortuna" between the late 16th and the early 17th century, the final demise of such a discourse roughly after mid-17th century, and the rise of modernity.

The late 16th century and the first half of the 17th century saw a final resurgence of the concept of Fortuna. Shortly thereafter, this goddess of chance and luck, who had survived for millennia, rapidly lost her cultural and intellectual relevance. This volume explores the late heyday and subsequent erasure of Fortuna. It examines vernacular traditions and confessional differences, analyses how the iconography and semantics of Fortuna motifs transformed, and traces the rise of complementary concepts such as those of probability, risk, fate and contingency. Thus, a multidisciplinary team of...