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Data transmission and storage cost money. The more information being dealt with, the more it costs. In spite of this, most digital data are not stored in the most compact form. Binary code that can be executed on a computer, individual samples from a data acquisition system, when taking pictures, there are a number of choices beside compression ratios, that can made about such things as image sizes, and file formats. The choices determine image quality and the size of the files created. When taking an image, the size of the image file is huge compared to many other types of computer files...

Elections form the core of democratic society and, as such, are of monumental importance in democratic world. . In order for an election to remain truly democratic, it must uphold four critical properties: privacy, incoercibility, accuracy and verifiability. In this paper we analyze threats against these properties during the three phases of an election (voter registration, casting votes, and tabulating votes), highlight specific ways voting systems have been compromised, summarize the weaknesses of current voting techniques, and give assurance to voters to ensure their votes are handled...