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Who gains and who loses from economic transformation in Eastern Europe is a key question--but one that is too rarely discussed. To understand the implications of the move to a market economy, it is necessary to know more about the distribution of income under Communism. This book assembles evidence about earnings, dispersion, income inequality and poverty in Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, the USSR (with separate information for Russia, the Ukraine and other republics). It adopts a comparative perspective--bringing out the differences between these countries and the West, as well as within...

The Welfare State in the 1990s is the subject of intense debate by economists, sociologists and political scientists. Professor Atkinson begins by setting the argument in the context of inequality and poverty in Europe. The role of the existing Welfare State is then described, especially retirement pensions and unemployment benefits. Finally, he suggests ways by which social security may be reformed. The case for targeting, a basic income and the Social Chapter are discussed as they apply to British policy in a European context.