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Dissolution and separation of States especially threaten minorities, whose protection serves not only the interests of the successor State, but also that of the international community. As a minimum, successor States should continue the human rights treaties to which their predecessor was party. Furthermore, the international community imposed on the successor States of the Former Yugoslavia a series of additional obligations protecting minorities which largely exceeded the minority rights standards of the Cold War period. The international instruments imposed on the new States contributed to...

Can international human rights law be applied and enforced in a part of a State's territory outside its effective control? This study provides a step by step analysis to show how it can. International human rights law can normalise an imperfect, defective situation through pragmatic interpretation; it imposes obligations both on the territorial State on account of its sovereign title and residual effectiveness on the one hand, and on any subject of international law exercising territorial control over the area on account of its effective control on the other. By considering effectiveness...