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The first of two volumes in the series containing descriptions of the techniques and methods of electron and ion spectroscopies which are in widespread use for surface analysis. The focus is on techniques for which commercial instrumentation is available, and the intent is to fill the gap between ma

With the development in the 1960s of ultrahigh vacuum equipment and techniques and electron, X-ray, and ion beam techniques to determine the structure and composition of interfaces, activities in the field of surface science grew nearly exponentially. Today surface science impacts all major fields of study from physical to biological sciences, from physics to chemistry, and all engineering disciplines. The materials and phenomena characterized by surface science range from se- conductors, where the impact of surface science has been critical to progress, to metals and ceramics, where selected...