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By the time the Normans arrived in Sicily around 1060 A.D. the dominant language was Arabic and yet by 1250 Sicily was almost exclusively a Christian island. Alex Metcalfe offers a fresh perspective on how this rapid change might have occurred.

The social and linguistic history of medieval Sicily is both intriguing and complex. Before the Muslim invasion of 827, the islanders spoke dialects of either Greek or Latin or both. On the arrival of the Normans around 1060 Arabic was the dominant language, but by 1250 Sicily was an almost exclusively Christian island, with Romance dialects in evidence everywhere. Of particular importance to the development of Sicily was the formative period of Norman rule (1061 1194), when most of the key transitions from an Arabic-speaking Muslim island to a 'Latin'-speaking Christian one were made. This...