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Analogy was an integral part of antiquarian archaeology and in parts of the world is still popular. This collection of sixteen international essays discusses past abuses, including the comparison of some societies with European working classes or false racist analogy in the Aegean. However, the contribution of these methods to the evolution of modern archaeology is recognised as a valuable one. Ethnographic or historic analogy, such as comparison with oral or written local traditions, is shown to be still of merit in the archaeology of certain countries, such as Brazil.