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Two-layer flows are found in both nature and industry, e.g. coating, co-extrusion. At certain operating conditions, wavy interfaces, also known as instabilities, are observed in the flow that affect the quality of the final products. A long-standing problem has been how to design the process simply in a way that remains faithful to the flow stability. Although resolved for single fluid flows around 10 years ago, extending this methodology to multi-fluid flows has been evolved more slowly owing to the difficulties associated with the interface between the fluids. In this book, these flows have...

Displacement flow and mixing of fluids occur in many operations present in the construction and completion of oil & gas wells e.g. primary cementing, drilling, gravel-packing, hydraulic fracturing. Over the past many years oil prices have increased significantly as a result of a diminishing supply of oil and gas from easily accessible reservoirs coupled with an increased demand due to population and consumption growth. Inevitably, there is a tendency towards deeper wells offshore and towards more challenging wells onshore. Many oil and gas wells required are long and are inclined anywhere...