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This book includes two testing methodologies based on Built In Sensors (BIS) and an optimization-based technique. The first part proposes two novel built-in sensors (BISs) for digital CMOS and analog circuits testing. The BISs have no voltage degradation, able to detect, identify and localize open and short circuit faults,have simple realizations with very small area and detection time. BIS is used to test a 4x4 multiplier cell where all injected faults are detected and localized. The other BIS is dedicated to test analog circuits. It is applied to test two well-known analog building blocks;...

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a major public health concern and a common chronic metabolic disease worldwide. It is characterized by hyperglycaemia due to a total or relative lack of insulin secretion and insulin resistance or both. WHO has recently declared it to be a pandemic. The major concern in diabetes is increased oxidative stress. Therefore, dietary supplementation with antioxidants such as vitamins and flavonoids such as garlic and onion has been used in attempts to prevent the occurrence of many diabetic complications. So, the aim of this study was to assess the possible effect of onion...

The continuing growth of the world population has become an urgent global problem. Ethiopia like most countries in Sub-Saharan Africa is experiencing rapid population growth. Currently, the country's population is growing at a rate of 2.6% per annum, and if it continues unabated, the population will have doubled in 26 years. According to the last three Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys (EDHS) of 2000, 2005 and 2011 the contraceptive use trend in Harari region is low when compared to national target of 66%, with only 19%, 29% and 32% of married women using a modern contraceptive method...