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You design your test, I design my test and every teacher else designs his/her own test in the way he/she likes it ignoring the fact that our tests should be based on certain characteristics. This argument; however, is presented through six chapters. The first chapter introduces language testing in addition to basic concepts. The second chapter presents argumentatively four approaches to language testing (translation approach, psychometric-structuralists approach, integrative approach and communicative approach). The third chapter is guidelines for designing language tests. Both the fourth and...

In contrastive analysis CA, it is assumed that the more similar two languages are, the easier they are; the more different they are, the more difficult they are to learn. On the other hand, in error analysis EA, linguistic errors and/or mistakes made by either L1 or L2 learners have to be discussed broadly and not only in terms of similar and dissimilar linguistic items. In this book, the author presents such argument where in CA is accounted for from both Lados and Carl James perspectives, and then detailed explanation of comparing languages components (sound system, grammatical structures,...