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Muhammadiyah, together with the Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), are seen as the two pillars of moderate Islam in Indonesia. Muhammadiyah is currently often perceived to be the more conservative of the two and to have more affinity with Islamist groups.

In this detailed and nuanced analysis of the early culture of Indonesias leading Islamic modernist movement, the Muhammadiyah, Burhani significantly revises anachronistic understandings of the movement that cast it as puritanically hostile to Javanese culture. This book shows us that the impetus for Islamic renewal came in large part from Javanese elites deeply involved in traditional court culture, and they undertook that renewal not to expunge Javanese culture from Islamic practice but to promote the distillation of what they saw as Javanese cultures Islamic essence. Burhanis reconstruction...

On 28 April 2021, the Indonesian government, under President Joko Widodo, dissolved the Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education (Kemenristek-Dikti). Since then, the management of higher education has been taken over by the Ministry of Education and Culture, while research and innovation are now the responsibility of the National Research and Innovation Agency (Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional, or BRIN). Based on Presidential Regulation (Perpres) Nos. 33 and 78 of 2021, various research institutes, such as LIPI, BATAN, LAPAN and BPPT, and research agencies in some ministries...