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Knowledge of pressure fluctuations on the bed of the stilling basins caused by the hydraulic jump due to the potential severe damages during the operation of these structures is essential. In this book, it has been mainly focused on dimensionless pressure parameters in free hydraulic jumps. Pressure points were located downstream of an Ogee spillway along the centerline on the bed of a USBR Type I stilling basin with a smooth bed. This research was conducted in a laboratory flume with different flow discharge. The pressure data of the points on the basin's bed were collected using the...

Bottom outlet conduits are the most important side constructions in dams which are used to control of reservoir water volume in back of dam, regulation of downstream water right and drain of the reservoir sediment. The Flushing operations to drain the reservoir sediments by high-speed flow in bottom outlet conduits of dams can create cavitation damages in these structures. Experiences showed that the flow aeration can decrease the risk of cavitation damages effectively. The investigations of flow characteristics by numerical methods along with physical hydraulic models can be effective in...