Wyniki wyszukiwania:

For a long time potential theory was necessarily viewed as only another chapter of mathematical physics. Developing in close connection with the theory of boundary-value problems for the Laplace operator, it led to the creation of the mathematical apparatus of potentials of single and double layers; this was adequate for treating problems involving smooth boundaries. A. M. Lyapunov is to be credited with the rigorous analysis of the properties of potentials and the possibilities for applying them to the 1 solution of boundary-value problems. The results he obtained at the end of the 19th...

As far back as the 1920's, algebra had been accepted as the science studying the properties of sets on which there is defined a particular system of operations. However up until the forties the overwhelming majority of algebraists were investigating merely a few kinds of algebraic structures. These were primarily groups, rings and lattices. The first general theoretical work dealing with arbitrary sets with arbitrary operations is due to G. Birkhoff (1935). During these same years, A. Tarski published an important paper in which he formulated the basic prin ciples of a theory of sets equipped...