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Precancerous lesions of the uterine cervix have become an important aspect of women's health care in recent years with an incidence rate about 500,000 new cases and 250,000 deaths each year worldwide, almost 80% of cases occur in low-income countries. The aim of this correlational study was to assess the cervical cell changes (dysplasia) among hormonal contraceptives users through Pap smear test. A total of 350 women attending the outpatient clinic at El Manial University Hospital were recruited for the study and were divided in to two groups, the first group was the study group (150 women)...

The main indication for undergoing prenatal invasive procedures is a history of having a child or more affected with congenital disease which might related to the high percentage of consangious marriage in Egypt. However, prenatal invasive procedures are accompanied with higher levels of anxiety among women. The current study revealed that application of a structured prenatal informative counseling administered for pregnant women undergoing diagnostic or therapeutic interventions significantly decreased their anxiety level.