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In den vergangenen hundert Jahren hat die Menschheit spektakuläre Fortschritte bei der Wissenserlangung über das Universum, die Vergangenheit und sich selbst gemacht. Die Geschichte der großen vorklassischen Zivilisationen und die Geschichte der menschlichen Evolution wurden erkundet und detailliert kartiert. Diese Fortschritte waren enorm, aufregend und folgenreich. Doch eine bemerkenswerte Tatsache begleitet diese Entwicklungen: Während man früher glaubte, dass jeder Erkenntnisfortschritt unsere Unwissenheit schmälert, haben uns die jüngsten Riesenschritte gezeigt, wie wenig wir...

Scepticism as a philosophical term is as old as the Greeks but has more recently been advanced by Montaigne, Descartes and Hume. To these, what little we know that seems certain is based on observation and habit as opposed to any logical or scientific necessity. Thus, sceptical views relate directly to epistemology--the theory of knowledge and what we can know--and, in the modern turbulent world, it is grayling's contention that these are issues that all contemporary people need to focus on. In seeking understanding of the human condition we need more than just a set of beliefs about it:...

Is it ever right to target civilians in a time of war? Or do the ends sometimes justify the means? The twentieth century - the age of 'total war' - marked the first time that civilian populations came to be seen as legitimate military targets. At this policy's most terrible extreme came the dropping of the atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki but it is an issue that remains relevant today with the needs of the 'War on Terror' used to justify the use of drone strikes. In "Amongst the Dead Cities," A.C. Grayling explores these moral issues in all their complexity with a detailed examination...

Grayling brings satisfying order to daunting subjects' Steven Pinker

In very recent times humanity has learnt a vast amount about the universe, the past, and itself. But through our remarkable successes in acquiring knowledge we have learned how much we have yet to learn: the science we have, for example, addresses just 5 per cent of the universe; pre-history is still being revealed, with thousands of historical sites yet to be explored; and the new neurosciences of mind and brain are just beginning. What do we know, and how do we know it? What do we now know that we...