Advances in Medicine and Biology. Volume 154 first compares the scleral buckle procedure to pneumatic retinopexy and vitrectomy for the repair of primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment to evaluate patient outcomes, single surgery reattachment rate, and complications. Following this, the authors review recent advances in liver organoids differentiated from pluripotent stem cells and discuss the future directions of organoid technology. Additionally, the authors compare the efficacy of low-level red and infrared laser irradiation for the correction of adverse side effects in the oral mucosa in patients receiving (chemo)radiotherapy for oral and pharyngeal cancer. In vivo oral mucosa state monitoring is carried out in patients during the course of oral and pharyngeal cancer radiation/chemoradiation therapy using multimodal optical coherence tomography. An overview of the current methods used for diagnosing, classification of fractures, treatment, and prevention of periprosthetic femur fractures following total hip arthroplasty is provided. This collection also investigates the presence of kyphosis in adolescents and the association between the incidence of kyphosis and age, the average duration of the sports training, body mass index, weight, height and pulse in adolescents who have participated in karate, swimming and handball. The authors attempt to describe advancements in the electrochemistry of cytochrome P450 enzymes and study molecular aspects and catalytic behavior of enzymatic electrocatalysis. Moreover, a comprehensive overview of major causes of liver fibrosis, medicinal plants and the role of medicinal plants in combatting liver fibrosis is provided. Lastly, this compilation recapitulates the history of artificial intelligence in Chinese medicine, focusing on the way Chinese medicine is being revolutionized by this state-of-the-art technology, and how healthcare in China is influenced by various artificial intelligence systems.