Susan M. Brookhartis an independent educational consultant based in Helena, Montana, and senior research associate at the Center for Advancing the Study of Teaching and Learning in the School of Education at Duquesne University. She is the author or coauthor of several books and many articles on classroom assessment, including ASCD's "How to Give Effective Feedback to Your Students", "How to Assess Higher-Order Thinking Skills in Your Classroom", and "How to Create and Use Rubrics for Formative Assessment and Grading".