Vertebrate Myogenesis: Stem Cells and Precursors

ISBN-13: 9783662513187 / Angielski / Miękka / 2016 / 242 str.

Beate Brand-Saberi

Opis

This book addresses the differentiation control of skeletal muscle in different locations of the vertebrate body Particular attention is paid to novel regulatory molecules and signals as well as the heterogeneity of origin that have revealed a developmental overlap between skeletal and cardiac muscle. Different functional muscle groups are the product of the evolution of the vertebrate classes, making a phylogenetic comparison worthwhile for understanding the role of muscle stem cells and precursors in myogenesis. New insights into the hierarchy of transcription factors, particularly in the context of these different muscle groups have been gained from detailed investigations of the spatio-temporal and regulatory relationships derived from mouse and zebrafish genetics and avian microsurgery. Importantly, epigenetic mechanisms that have surfaced recently, in particular the role of MyomiRs, are also surveyed. With an eye to the human patient, encouraging results have been generated that identify parallels between embryonic myogenesis and regenerating myofibers due to common regulatory molecules. On the other hand, both processes differ considerably in quality and complexity of the processes employed. Interestingly, the heterogeneity in embryonic sources from which skeletal muscle groups in the vertebrate including the human body take origin is paralleled by differences in their susceptibility to particular muscle dystrophies as well as by the characteristics of the satellite cells involved in regeneration. The progress that has been made in the field of muscle stem cell biology, with special focus on the satellite cells, is outlined in this book by experts in the field. The authors review recent insights of the heterogeneous nature of these satellite cells regarding their gene signatures and regeneration potential. Furthermore, an improved understanding of muscle stem cells seems only possible when we study the impact of the cell environment on efficient stem cell replacement therapies for muscular dystrophies, putting embryological findings from different vertebrate classes and stem cell approaches into context.

Spis treści

Recruitment of skeletal muscle progenitors to secondary sites: A role for CXCR4/SDF-1 signaling in skeletal muscle development.- Hypaxial muscle - controversial classification and controversial data? Skeletal Myogenesis in the Zebrafish and its Implications for Muscle Disease Modeling.- Mechanisms of Myogenic Specification and Patterning.- The avian embryo as a model system for skeletal myogenesis.- Head Muscle Development.- The lateral plate mesoderm – a novel source of skeletal muscle.- Regulation of skeletal muscle development and disease by microRNAs.- Adult skeletal muscle stem cells.- Dormancy and quiescence of skeletal muscle stem cells.

Blurb

This book addresses the differentiation control of skeletal muscle in different locations of the vertebrate body. Particular attention is paid to novel regulatory molecules and signals as well as to the heterogeneity of origin that have revealed a developmental overlap between skeletal and cardiac muscle. Different functional muscle groups are the product of the evolution of the vertebrate classes, making a phylogenetic comparison worthwhile for understanding the role of muscle stem cells and precursors in myogenesis. New insights into the hierarchy of transcription factors, particularly in the context of these different muscle groups come from detailed investigations of the spatio-temporal and regulatory relationships derived from mouse and zebrafish genetics and avian microsurgery. Importantly, epigenetic mechanisms that have surfaced recently, in particular the role of MyomiRs, are also surveyed.

Regarding human patients, encouraging results have been generated that identify parallels between embryonic myogenesis and regenerating myofibers  that share regulatory molecules. Interestingly, the heterogeneity in embryonic origins  of skeletal muscle groups in the vertebrate including  humans   is paralleled by their different susceptibility to types of muscle dystrophies. The progress that has been made in the field of muscle stem cell biology, especially on  satellite cells, is outlined in this book by experts in the field. The authors review recent insights of the heterogeneous nature of these satellite cells regarding their gene signatures and regeneration potential. An improved understanding of muscle stem cells seems only possible with a view to the cell environment , putting embryological and molecular findings from different vertebrate classes and stem cell approaches into context.