Treatment of Biogas for Feeding High Temperature Fuel Cells: Removal of Harmful Compounds by Adsorption Processes

ISBN-13: 9783319032146 / Angielski / Twarda / 2016 / 166 str.

Maria Turco; Giovanni Bagnasco

Opis

This book reports on the most recent applications of processes with a particular focus on the source and the properties of biogas and on the characteristics of the fuel cells (FCs). It describes adsorbing materials of potential interest are reviewed and the preparation methods and treatments employed to improve the adsorption properties as well as the stability and regenerability. The characterization of the chemical and physical properties involved in these processes is examined in particular detail. The book also covers aspects that concern the development of the adsorption apparatus with particular attention on the target of low residual concentration and high selectivity.High temperature FCs, such as molten carbonates (MCFCs) or solid oxides (SOFCs), are efficient, with a low environmental impact, and they can use a wide variety of fuels, such as biogas. The presence of some poisonous compounds such as sulphides, halides, and siloxanes can react with electrode catalysts and electrolyte, leading to the degradation and short lifetime of the cell. The treatment of raw biogas to obtain a FC-compatible fuel is mainly based on adsorption processes on suitable materials.

Spis treści

Processes of biogas production: fermentation, digestion, thermal gasification.- High temperature fuel cells: structural and operating features of MCFCs and SOFCs.- Fuel reforming processes.- Internal and external reformer.- Applications of MCFCs and SOFCs: new challenges.- Biogas as fuel for MCFCs and SOFCs.- The problem of noxious components: sulphur compounds, halides, siloxanes.- Current technologies for removal of noxious compounds.- Adsorption processes and adsorbent materials.- Microporous materials.- Characterization of adsorption performances.- Zeolites and active carbons.- Preparation and functionalization.- Characterization of physical and chemical properties.- Stability and regeneration.- Development of adsorption apparatus for biogas treatment.