Toxicology in the Use, Misuse, and Abuse of Food, Drugs, and Chemicals: Proceedings of the European Society of Toxicology Meeting, Held in Tel Aviv, M

ISBN-13: 9783540123927 / Angielski / Miękka / 1983 / 406 str.

P. L. Chambers; S. Gitter; C. M. Chambers

Opis

Many chemotherapeutic agents introduced for use in humans are carcinogenic in laboratory animals (Conklin et al. 1965; Shimkin et al. 1966; Griswold et al. 1968; Harris 1976). However, initially their beneficial effect in disseminated cancer was of such short duration that the inevitable death of the patient from his primary disease precluded any clinical manifestation of the carcinogenic potential. During the last decade, chemotherapy has radically changed the outlook for many patients with cancer. Combinations of drugs, administered as the primary treatment, have resulted in high rates of cure in patients with disseminated malignancies, such as stage IV Hodgkin's disease or childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. In other disseminated forms of neoplasia, induction of a remission, a substantial palliation and a prolongation of survival have been achieved. In many instances of localised disease, where surgery with or without radiotherapy are the primary form of treatment, anticancer drugs have been used with success as adjuvant therapy for distant microscopic disease. With these spectacular achievements, secondary malignancies, in particular acute non-lymphocytic leukemia (ANLL), has become of major concern. Incidence Acute leukemia is the most frequent form of secondary neoplasia in patients treated for cancer (Penn 1981). In one large series, 5. 9% of all ANLL could be attributed to previous chemotherapy (Kapadia et al. 1980).

Spis treści

Effects of Foreign Substances on Blood.- The Red Cell as a Sensitive Target for Activated Toxic Arylamines.- Chemotherapy Related Leukemogenesis.- Drug Vulnerability of Peripheral Blood Platelets.- Drug Toxicity on Thrombocyte Receptors.- Effects of Radiographic Contrast Media on the Serum Complement System.- An Hypothesis for the Induction of Leukemia by Benzene.- Toxic Effects of Hyperbaric Oxygen on the Blood.- In Vitro Effects of Mercury on Platelet Aggregation, Thromboxane and Vascular Prostacyclin Production.- Partial Isolation and Characterisation of a Hemagglutinating Factor from Avocado Seed.- Drugs of Abuse—With Special Reference to Marijuana and Phencyclidine.- Guide to the Analysis of Phencyclidine and its Metabolites in Biological Material.- Quantification of ?1-Tetrahydrocannabinol in Tissues and Body Fluids.- Characterization of the Interaction of Phencyclidine and its Derivatives with the Ionic Channel of the Nicotinic Receptor.- Models to Predict Cannabinoid-Induced Disturbances.- Cannabinoid Drugs.- A Novel Non-Centrifugation Radioimmunoassay for Cannabinoids.- Behavioral Changes Indicative of Cannabinoids or Phencyclidine Intoxication in Man.- Effect of Cannabis on Enzyme Induction by Phenobarbital.- Mydriasis Induced by ?1-Tetrahydrocannabinol in Rats.- Localization of Phencyclidine in the Rat Brain in Vivo.- Chromosome Damage in Heroin-Marijuana and Marijuana Addicts.- Alteration of Glucose Liver Metabolism by Acute Treatment with Cannabis.- Disposition of Phencyclidine after Intramuscular Administration.- Phencyclidine-Dependent Chemiluminescence of Rat Alveolar Macrophages.- Cultures of Central Neurons Grown in the Presence of Phencyclidine.- Interaction of Phencyclidines with Acetylcholine Receptor in Cultured Myotubes.- Toxic Agents in Food.- Naturally Occurring Toxicants in Foods and Their Significance in the Human Diet.- Gossypol in Cottonseed Products: Toxicology and Inactivation.- Protease Inhibitors from Legume Seeds: Chemistry and Implications in Nutrition, Pest Control and Medicine.- Mycotoxins in Food.- Accentuated Response to Raw Soya-Bean Meal by Meal Feeding.- Toxicological Evaluation of a Liquid Fraction Derived from Palm Oil.- Amanita verna Poisoning in Israel—Report of a Rare Case out of Time and Place.- Intoxication by the Chickling Pea (Lathyrus sativus): Nervous System and Skeletal Findings.- Examples of Poisonous Plants in Israel of Importance to Animals and Man.- Xenobiotics.- Pesticide Residues in Fish and Aquatic Invertebrates.- Interrenal Activity and Cortisol Metabolism in Organochlorine-Contaminated Fish (Sarotherodon aureus).- Chlorinated Hydrocarbons in Birds and Mammals.- Ricinus communis as a Source of a Potential Selective Rodenticide.- Warfarin and the Grey Squirrel.- The Effect of Monoacetin and Calcium Chloride on Acid-Base Balance and Survival in Experimental Sodium Fluoroacetate Poisoning.- Fluoroacetamide Poisoning in Man: The Role of Ionized Calcium.- Biochemical Aspects of Fluoroacetate Poisoning in Isolated Rat Kidney Tubules: Reversibility of Inhibition of Gluconeogenesis by ?-Ketoglutarate.- Acute Central Nervous System Changes due to Intoxication by Manzidan (A Combined Dithiocarbamate of Maneb and Zineb).- Convulsions Induced by Lindane and the Involvement of the GABAergic System.- Action of Ammonium Meta Vanadate on Hepatic Enzymes in Vitro.- Effect of Diastereoisomeric Epoxyrotenones on Hepatic Epoxide Hydrase Activity.- 2 Methylene-?-Alanine Methyl Ester: A Toxic Amino Acid Originating from the Sponge Fasciospongia cavernosa.- Endorphins in Endotoxin-Induced Hyperglycemia in Mice.- Covalent Protein Binding of Vinyl Chloride Metabolites During Co-Incubation of Freshly Isolated Hepatocytes and Hepatic Sinusoidal Cells of Rats.- The Contribution of Veterinary Toxicology to Environmental Health.- Lead Poisoning from Ceramics in the Arab Population.- Redistribution and Increased Brain Uptake of Lead in Rats After Treatment with Diethyldithiocarbamate.- Conversion of Inorganic Lead into a Highly-Toxic Organic Derivative by Marine Microorganisms.- Novel and New Techniques in Toxicology.- Sperm Cell Motility as a New Experimental Model for Toxicological Studies.- Hemoperfusion with Chelating Microspheres as a New Treatment for Severe Mercury Poisoning.- An Electrophysiological Approach to Metal Intoxication of the Eye.- Detection of 14C-Carmoisine Metabolites by High Performance Liquid Chromatography.- Secondary Ion Mass Spectra (SIMS) as a Tool for Biomedical Studies: Mono- and Diquaternary Pyridine Oximes.- A New Technique for the Determination of Diethylstilboestrol.- Isolated Intestinal Cells of Guinea Pig: A Suitable Model for Assessing Direct Toxic Effects of Ethanol on the Mucosa of the Upper Small Intestine.- Pyrenebutyl-Methylphosphonofluoridate: A Fluorescent Anti-Cholinesterase in Vivo.- A Novel Micromcthod for the Limulus Amebocyte Lysatc (LAL) Assay for Endotoxin, Based on Hydrostatic Pressure.- Analysis of Succinylcholine in Tissues and Body Fluids by Ion-Pair Extraction and Gas Chromatography—Mass Spectrometry.- Determination of T.N.T. Metabolites in Urine.- The Necessity to Determine the Drug and its Metabolites in Forensic and Clinical Toxicology.- Presence of the Cytochrome P-450 and Associated Drug-Metabolising Activity in Daphnia magna.- Survival, Bodyweight and Food Consumption Data Obtained from Life Span Rodent Studies in Isolated Animal Units.- A Comparison of Automated Data Collection and Manual Data Collection for Toxicology Studies.- Computer Recording of Pathology Data.- Miscellaneous Toxic Effects.- The Effects of Valproic Acid on Liver Function.- Adrenocortical Activation by 5-Fluorouracil and its Possible Reversal by Thymidine.- Chlorpropamide Abuse in a Non-Diabetic Patient.- Life-Threatening Theophylline Intoxication in a Hypothyroid Patient.- Accumulation and Adverse Effects of Metoprolol and Propranolol After Concurrent Administration of Cimetidine.- A Case of Reversible Tachy-bradycardia Syndrome and Permanent Neurological Sequelae in Lithium Intoxication.- Interactions Between Anticholinesterase Agents and Neuroleptics in Terms of Cholinesterase Inhibition in Brain and Other Tissues of Rats.- Toxicity Studies with Human Fibroblast Interferon.- Author Index.