Tools and Modes of Representation in the Laboratory Sciences

ISBN-13: 9781402001000 / Angielski / Twarda / 2001 / 264 str.

Ursula Klein; U. Klein

Opis

constitutive of reference in laboratory sciences as cultural sign systems and their manipulation and superposition, collectively shared classifications and associated conceptual frameworks, - and various fonns of collective action and social institutions. This raises the question of how much modes of representation, and specific types of sign systems mobilized to construct them, contribute to reference. Semioticians have argued that sign systems are not merely passive media for expressing preconceived ideas but actively contribute to meaning. Sign systems are culturally loaded with meaning stemming from previous practical applications and social traditions of applications. In new local contexts of application they not only transfer stabilized meaning but also can be used as active resources to add new significance and modify previous meaning. This view is supported by several analyses presented in this volume. Sign systems can be implemented like tools that are manipulated and superposed with other types of signs to forge new representations. The mode of representation, made possible by applying and manipulating specific types of representational tools, such as diagrammatic rather than mathematical representations, or Berzelian fonnulas rather than verbal language, contributes to meaning and forges fine-grained differentiations between scientists' concepts. Taken together, the essays contained in this volume give us a multifaceted picture of the broad variety of modes of representation in nineteenth-century and twentieth-century laboratory sciences, of the way scientists juxtaposed and integrated various representations, and of their pragmatic use as tools in scientific and industrial practice.

Recenzje

`I can recommend this book to those chemists who would like to catch up on what scholarship has transpired among historians and philosophers of science these past 20-30 years.'
Bulletin for the History of Chemistry, 28:2 (2003)

Spis treści

Introduction. 1. Chemical Atomism and the Evolution of Chemical Theory in the Nineteenth Century; A.J. Rocke. 2. The Creative Power of Paper Tools in Early Nineteenth-Century Chemistry; U. Klein. 3. An Early History of Alexander Crum Brown's Graphical Formulas; C. Ritter. 4. Conventionalities in Formula Writing; P. Laszlo. 5. Paper Tools and Fictional Worlds: Prediction, Synthesis and Auxiliary Hypotheses in Chemistry; P.J. Ramberg. 6. Aspects of Paper Tools in the Industrial-Academic Context: Constitutions and Structures of Aniline Dyes, 1860-1880; C. Reinhardt, A.S. Travis. 7. Molecular Models and the Articulation of Structural Constraints in Chemistry; E. Francoeur. 8. Paper Tools and Molecular Architecture in the Chemistry of Linus Pauling; M.J. Nye. 9. Graphic Representations of the Periodic System of Chemical Elements; B. Bensaude-Vincent. 10. The Periodic Table: The Ultimate Paper Tool in Chemistry; E. Scerri. 11. A Principle Written in Diagrams: The Aufbau Principle for Molecules and its Visual Representations, 1927-1932; B.S. Park. 12. Fedoroff's Translation of McClintock: The Uses of Chemistry in the Reorganization of Genetics; E. Grosholz. 13. Mathematics, Representation and Molecular Structure; R.F. Hendry. 14. Affinity, Additivity and the Reification of the Bond; S.J. Weininger. Index.