The Trigeminal System in Man

ISBN-13: 9783540627869 / Angielski / Miękka / 1997 / 126 str.

K. G. Usunoff;Usunoff; Kamen G. Usunoff

Opis

This monograph offers a comprehensive review of present knowledge of the structure and connections of the trigeminal nuclei in humans, and compares it to laboratory animal findings. The authors provide cytoarchitectural data from their own research, and trace trigeminal pathways in human material by means of the Nauta technique. In humans the trigeminal nuclear complex includes the motor nucleus, the principal sensory (pontine) nucleus, the spinal nucleus (subdivided into oral, interpolar and caudal nuclei), and the mesencephalic nucleus and several small nuclei. The supratrigeminal nucleus, as described in various mammals, is not defined in the human brain. The primary afferents to all subdivisions of the trigeminal nuclear complex in humans appear to be entirely ipsilateral. Some of the 'extratrigeminal' primary afferents described in experimental animals are also present in the human brain and the nucleus ovalis receives primary and possibly secondary afferents from the trigeminal systems. A significant difference between the human trigeminal system and the subprimate species is seen in the monosynaptic cortical projection to the motor trigeminal nucleus.

Spis treści

1 Introduction.- 2 Material and Methods.- 3 Results.- 3.1 Normal Cyoarchitecture and Myeloarchitecture of the Trigeminal Nuclear Complex.- 3.1.1 The Motor Trigeminal Nucleus.- 3.1.2 The Principal Sensory Trigeminal Nucleus.- 3.1.3 The Intertrigeminal Nucleus.- 3.1.4 The Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus and Tract.- 3.1.4.1 Oral Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus.- 3.1.4.2 Interpolar Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus.- 3.1.4.3 Caudal Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus.- 3.1.4.4 The Spinal Trigeminal Tract, Its Interstitial Cells, and Cell Groups Lateral to It.- 3.1.5 The Mesencephalic Trigeminal Nucleus and Tract.- 3.1.6 Other Fiber Systems Associated with the Trigeminal Nuclear Complex.- 3.1.7 Nucleus Ovalis.- 3.2 Neuropathologic Cases.- 3.2.1 H 5151 Trigeminal System Lesion.- 3.2.2 H 5554 Trigeminal System Lesion and C1-C2 Rhizotomy.- 3.2.3 H 5017 Subtotal Motor Trigeminal Lesion.- 3.2.4 H 5517 Wallenbergs Syndrome.- 3.2.5 H 5797 Degeneration of the Trigeminal Nerve and Solitary Tract.- 3.2.6 H 5579 Wallenbergs Syndrome with Central Tegmental Tract and Pyramidal Tract Degeneration.- 3.2.7 H 6368 Partial lesion of the Trigeminal Nerve.- 3.2.8 H 6086 Corticofugal Fiber Degeneration.- 3.2.9 H 5671 Corticofugal, Striatal and Pallidal Degeneration.- 4 Discussion.- 4.1 Normal Structure of the Trigeminal Nuclei.- 4.1.1 Motor Trigeminal Nucleus.- 4.1.2 The Principal Sensory Nucleus.- 4.1.3 Supratrigeminal and Intertrigeminal Nuclei.- 4.1.4 Nucleus of the Spinal Tract.- 4.1.5 Cell Groups Close to the Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus.- 4.1.6 The Mesencephalic Trigeminal Nucleus.- 4.2 Discussion of the Trigeminal Pathways.- 4.2.1 Primary Afferents.- 4.2.1.1 Pain, Temperature and Tactile Receptors.- 4.2.1.2 Trigeminal Ganglion Neurons.- 4.2.1.3 Central Distribution of Trigeminal Primary Afferents.- 4.2.1.4 Extratrigeminal Primary Afferents.- 4.2.2 Other Afferent Connections.- 4.2.3 Efferent Connections of the Principal and Spinal Trigeminal Nuclei.- 4.2.3.1 Trigeminothalamocortical Connection.- 4.2.3.2 Other Efferent Connections.- 4.2.4 Connections of the Mesencephalic Trigeminal Nucleus.- 4.2.4.1 Primary Afferents.- 4.2.4.2 Other Afferent Connections.- 4.2.4.3 Central Connections of the Mesencephalic Trigeminal Nucleus.- 4.2.5 Connections of the Motor Trigeminal Nucleus.- 4.2.5.1 Afferent Connections.- 4.2.5.2 Efferent connections.- 5 Summary.- 5.1 Normal Structure of the Trigeminal Nuclei.- 5.2 Trigeminal Pathways.- Acknowledgements.- References.