The Systematic Identification of Organic Compounds , Ninth Edition

ISBN-13: 9781119799665 / Angielski / Miękka / 2023 / 750 str.

Hermann

Spis treści

Preface ixAbout the Companion Website xiChapter 1 Introduction 11.1 Systematic Identification of Organic Compounds: The Need for Organic Qualitative Analysis 11.2 Suggestions to Students and Instructors 3Chapter 2 Laboratory Safety 72.1 Working Safely in the Laboratory 72.2 Training 102.3 Personal Protection Equipment 102.4 Safety Data Sheets 112.5 Storage of Chemicals 122.6 Disposal of Chemicals 132.7 Safely Using Equipment in the Laboratory 13Chapter 3 Identification of Unknowns 153.1 Discussion of Report Form 153.2 Preliminary Examination 223.3 Physical Properties 223.4 Molecular Weight Determination 223.5 Molecular Formula Determination 233.6 Solubility Tests 233.7 Infrared, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, and Mass Spectra Analyses 243.8 Classification Tests 243.9 Preparation of a Satisfactory Derivative 253.10 Mixtures 263.11 Report Forms 26Chapter 4 Preliminary Examination, Physical Properties, and Elemental Analysis 314.1 Preliminary Examination 324.2 Determination of Physical Properties 344.3 Optical Rotation 534.4 Recrystallization 584.5 Qualitative Elemental Analysis 614.6 Quantitative Elemental Analysis 69Chapter 5 Classification of Organic Compounds by Solubility 755.1 Solubility in Water, Aqueous Acids and Bases, and Ether 765.2 Solubility in Organic Solvents 95Chapter 6 Separation of Mixtures 996.1 Preliminary Examinations of Mixtures 1006.2 Distillation and Sublimation 1016.3 Extractions: Separations Based Upon6.4 Chromatography 119Chapter 7 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometry 1457.1 Theory of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 1457.2 Preparation of the Sample 1497.3 Proton Spectra 1517.4 13C Spectra 1657.5 DEPT 1797.6 COSY 1887.7 HSQC 190Chapter 8 Infrared Spectrometry 2278.1 Theory of Infrared Spectrometry 2278.2 Preparation of the Sample 2308.3 Functional Group Identification 234Chapter 9 Mass Spectrometry 2699.1 Theory of Mass Spectrometry 2699.2 Cleavage Reactions 271Chapter 10 Chemical Tests for Functional Groups 29310.1 Acid Anhydrides 29610.2 Acyl Halides 30610.3 Alcohols 30710.4 Aldehydes 32310.5 Amides 33210.6 Amines and Amine Salts 33410.7 Amino Acids 34910.8 Carbohydrates 35110.9 Carboxylic Acids 35910.10 Esters 36010.11 Ethers 36110.12 Halides 36510.13 Hydrocarbons--Alkanes 37110.14 Hydrocarbons--Alkenes 37110.15 Hydrocarbons--Alkynes 37810.16 Hydrocarbons--Aromatic 37910.17 Ketones 38410.18 Nitriles 38610.19 Nitro Compounds 38610.20 Phenols 38910.21 Sulfonamides, Sulfonic Acids, Sulfonyl Chlorides 393Chapter 11 The Preparation of Derivatives 39711.1 Carboxylic Acids, Acid Anhydrides, Acid Halides 39711.2 Alcohols 40911.3 Aldehydes And Ketones 41411.4 Amides 42011.5 Amines 42411.6 Amino Acids 43211.7 Carbohydrates 43711.8 Esters 44011.9 Ethers--Aliphatic 45011.10 Ethers--Aromatic 45111.11 Halides--Alkyl 45411.12 Halides--Aromatic 45711.13 Hydrocarbons--Aromatic 46011.14 Nitriles 46211.15 Nitro Compounds 46711.16 Phenols 46811.17 Sulfonic Acids, Sulfonyl Chlorides, Sulfonamides 472Chapter 12 Chemical Literature 47912.1 Handbooks 48012.2 Compendia 48012.3 Spectral Collections 48112.4 Journals 48212.5 Abstracts and Indexes 48312.6 Monographs 486Appendix I Handy Tables for the Organic Laboratory 487APPENDIX II Table of Derivatives 493Appendix III Equipment and Chemicals for the Laboratory 677Index 685

O autorze

Christine K. F. Hermann, PhD is Professor and Chair of the Department of Chemistry, Radford University, Radford, Virginia, USA.