The Projections to the Spinal Cord of the Rat During Development: A Timetable of Descent

ISBN-13: 9783540618782 / Angielski / Miękka / 1997 / 143 str.

E. A. Lakke;Lakke

Opis

The studies described here were carried out in the Neuroregulation Group at the Department of Physiology of the University of Leiden. Over the last decade this group has, in close collaboration with the departments of neurosurgery and urology of the Academic Hospital of Leiden, studied development and regeneration of the spinal cord and its peripheral nerves both from a neuroanatomical and a clinical perspective. During this period the development of brainstem projections to the spinal cord of the rat was studied with a retrograde tracing technique. Horseradish peroxidase was injected into the spinal cord of rat fetuses, both at different ages, and at different levels of the spinal cord. These studies aimed to discover regularities in the behavior of descending fiber systems that could yield insight into the logic that the nervous system must employ to structure its connectional pattern during development. Such insight might then be applied to improve regeneration of the nervous system.

Spis treści

1 Introduction.- 2 Materials and Methods.- 2.1 Description.- 2.2 Results.- 2.3 Discussion.- 3 Source Nuclei of Supraspinal Descending Projections.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Reticular Nuclei, Ventral Tier.- 3.2.1 Nucleus Reticularis Medullae Ventralis.- 3.2.2 Nucleus Reticularis Gigantocellularis.- 3.2.3 Nucleus Reticularis Paramedianus.- 3.2.4 Nucleus Reticularis Gigantocellularis-?.- 3.2.5 Nucleus Reticularis Gigantocellularis Ventralis.- 3.2.6 Nucleus Reticularis Paragigantocellularis.- 3.2.7 Nucleus Reticularis Pontis Caudalis.- 3.2.8 Nucleus Reticularis Pontis Ventralis.- 3.2.9 Nucleus Reticularis Pontis Oralis.- 3.2.10 Nucleus Paralemniscalis.- 3.3 Reticular Nuclei, Dorsal Tier.- 3.3.1 Nucleus Reticularis Medullae Dorsalis.- 3.3.2 Nucleus Reticularis Parvocellularis.- 3.2.3 Nucleus Reticularis Pedunculopontinus Tegmentalis.- 3.3.4 Nucleus Reticularis Tegmentalis Ventralis.- 3.3.5 Nucleus Reticularis Mesencephalicus Profundus.- 3.3.6 Nucleus Reticularis Cuneiformis.- 3.4 Raphe Nuclei.- 3.4.1 Nucleus Raphe Magnus.- 3.4.2 Nucleus Raphe Pallidus.- 3.4.3 Nucleus Raphe Obscurus.- 3.5 Vestibular Nuclei.- 3.5.1 Nucleus Vestibularis Lateralis.- 3.5.2 Nucleus Vestibularis Medialis.- 3.5.3 Nucleus Vestibularis Spinalis.- 3.6 Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus.- 3.6.1 Nucleus Spinalis Trigemini Pars Oralis.- 3.6.2 Nucleus Spinalis Trigemini Pars Interpolaris.- 3.6.3 Nucleus Spinalis Trigemini Pars Caudalis.- 3.7 Individual Nuclei.- 3.7.1 Nucleus Ambiguus.- 3.7.2 Nucleus Tractus Solitarius.- 3.7.3 Nucleus Commissuralis Tractus Solitarius.- 3.7.4 Nucleus Roller.- 3.7.5 Nuclei Parabrachiales.- 3.7.6 Nucleus Mesencephalicus Trigemini.- 3.7.7 Nucleus Locus Coeruleus.- 3.7.8 Nucleus Subcoeruleus.- 3.7.9 Nucleus Tegmentalis Laterodorsalis.- 3.7.10 Nucleus Edinger-Westphal.- 3.7.11 Nucleus Ruber.- 3.7.12 Nucleus Interstitialis Cajal.- 3.7.13 Nucleus Darkschewitsch.- 3.7.14 Nucleus Commissurae Posterioris.- 3.7.15 Nucleus Parafascicularis Prerubralis.- 3.7.16 Area Lateralis Hypothalami.- 3.7.17 Nucleus Paraventricularis Hypothalami.- 3.7.18 Zona Incerta.- 4 Nuclear Definitions.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Reticular Nuclei.- 4.3 Raphe Nuclei.- 4.4 Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus.- 4.5 Vestibular Nuclei.- 5 The Development of the Supraspinal Descending Projections.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.1.1 Construction of the Timetable.- 5.1.2 Construction of the Position Intervals.- 5.2 Description.- 5.2.1 Reticular Nuclei, Ventral Tier.- 5.2.2 Reticular Nuclei, Dorsal Tier.- 5.2.3 Raphe Nuclei.- 5.2.4 Vestibular Nuclei.- 5.2.5 Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus.- 5.2.6 Nucleus Ambiguus.- 5.2.7 Nucleus Tractus Solitarius.- 5.2.8 Nucleus Roller.- 5.2.9 Nuclei Parabrachiales.- 5.2.10 An Unknown Group of Neurons (Gr?) Resembling the Nucleus Mesencephalicus Trigemini.- 5.2.11 Nucleus Locus Coeruleus.- 5.2.12 Nucleus Subcoeruleus.- 5.2.13 Cell Group A5.- 5.2.14 Nucleus Tegmentalis Laterodorsalis.- 5.2.15 Nucleus Edinger-Westphal.- 5.2.16 Nucleus Ruber.- 5.2.17 Nucleus Interstitialis Cajal.- 5.2.18 Nucleus Darkschewitsch.- 5.2.19 Nucleus Commissurae Posterioris.- 5.2.20 Nucleus Parafascicularis Prerubralis.- 5.2.21 Area Lateralis Hypothalami.- 5.2.22 Nucleus Paraventricularis Hypothalami.- 5.2.23 ZonaIncerta.- 6 Discussion.- 6.1 Comparison and Validation.- 6.2 Deduction of an Algorithm.- 6.2.1 Rubrospinal Descent.- 6.2.2 Corticospinal Descent.- 6.2.3 Summary.- 6.2.4 Corticopontine Descent.- 6.2.5 An Algorithm for the Establishment of Topological Projections.- 6.2.6 Acquisition Mechanism.- 6.3 Conclusion.- 7 Summary.- References.