1. From Nifelheim to Fram2. The Arctic environment3. Observing the Arctic Mediterranean Sea4. External forcing and local response5. The circulation and transformations of Atlantic water in the Arctic Mediterranean Sea6. The presence and importance of internal mixing processes in the Arctic Ocean7. Observed, computed, and deduced transports through the main gateways8. Theoretical descriptions and modeling of the Arctic Mediterranean Sea9. Variability and change10. The meridional overturning circulation and the impact of the Arctic Mediterranean on the world ocean