The Iea/Ssps Solar Thermal Power Plants -- Facts and Figures-- Final Report of the International Test and Evaluation Team (Itet): Volume 4: Book of Su

ISBN-13: 9783540161493 / Angielski / Miękka / 1986 / 492 str.

Paul Kesselring; Clifford S. Selvage

Opis

The Project's origin As a consequence of the so-called "first oil crisis," the interest in solar electricity generation rose sharply after 1973. The solar ther mal way of solving the problem was attractive because the main task was simply to replace the fossil fuel by a "solar fuel" in an other wise conventional thermal power plant -that was at least what many thought at that time. Thus more than half a dozen of solar thermal plant projects were created in the mid-seventies. One of them is the Small Solar Power Systems (SSPS) Project of the International Energy Agency (lEA). It consists of the design, development, construction, operation, test and evaluation of two dissimilar small solar thermal electric power systems each t a nominal power of 500 kW . e ITET and TOAB In order to assist the Operating Agent (DFVLR - Deutsche Forschungs und Versuchsansta1t fUr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. ) in managing the project, the Executive Committee (EC) created two bodies called the "International Test and Evaluation Team" (ITET) and the "Test and Operation Advisory Board" (TOAB). The latter consisted of a group of experts from the different participating countries, meeting three to four times a year to articulate i. a. the technical interests and expectations of the different parties in the project. It was the TOAB that formulated e. g."

Spis treści

VOL I/1. Introduction.- VOL I/2. Central Receiver System.- VOL I/3. Historical Assessment of CRS Plant Performance and Operational Experiences.- 3.1 SSPS — CRS Plant History and 0peration(1981–1984).- 3.2 Daily Characteristics.- 3.3 Steam Generator Experiences.- 3.4 CRS Operational Experience.- VOL I/4. Heliostat Field Performance.- 4.1 Heliostat History and Status.- 4.2 Measurements and Calculations on Heliostat Field.- 4.3 10 MWe Solar Thermal CRS — Heliostat Evaluation.- VOL I/5. Receiver Behavior.- 5.1 Receiver Thermal Performance: Theory.- 5.2 Receiver Description: Billboard Receiver (ASR).- 5.3 Receiver Description: The Sulzer Cavity Receiver.- 5.4 Comparison of the Two Receivers.- 5.5 Efficiency and Temperature Measurements.- 5.6 Receiver Losses: Results of Tests.- 5.7 ASR Performances: Comparison With Simulation.- 5.8 Transient Response of the Sulzer Receiver.- 5.9 The SSPS Advanced Sodium Receiver: Transient Response.- 5.10 Differences Between Filling Strategies for the Sulzer and ASR Receivers.- 5.11 Results of the Performance of the Sulzer CavityReceiver and The Franco-Tosi External Receiver.- VOL I/6. Thermal Losses/Thermal Inertia.- 6.1 Losses of Piping and Tank.- 6.2 CRS Power Conversion System Losses.- 6.3 Remarks on Receiver Losses.- 6.4 CRS Parasitic Consumption: The Trace-Heating.- 6.5 Implication for Design and Operation.- VOL I/7. Systems Aspects/Control.- 7.1 Temperature Control of Solar Receiver’s.- 7.2 Sulzer Feedback Control Concepft.- 7.3 The Almeria Advanced Sodium Receiver: Dynamic Analysis and Control.- 7.4 Control of Incident Power tt the Receiver.- VOL I/8. Potential for Improvements.- 8.1 Improvements in Measurement Equipment.- 8.2 Potential for Improvements.- 8.3 Systems Considerations.- VOL II/2. Distributed Collector System.- VOL II/3. Historical Assessment of the Ssps-Dcs Plant Performance — Introduction.- 3.1 DCS — Operational Performances History.- 3.2 Input/Output Diagrams of the Solar Farm Systems.- 3.3 Evaluation of Third Field Performance.- 3.4 Comparison of MAN Fields’ Behavior.- 3.5 System Simulation.- VOL II/4. Survey of Plant Losses — Introduction.- 4.1 Optical Losses.- 4.2 Thermal Losses of the Collector Fiel’ds.- 4.3 The DCS Thermal Stratification Tank.- 4.4 Losses and Performance of the Power Conversion System.- 4.5 DCS Internal Electrical Consumption.- VOL II/5. Possibility of Automatic Control — Introduction.- 5.1 Temperature Regulation.- 5.2 Adaptive Control of the One-Axis Tracking Collector Field.- VOL II/6. Reliability — Availability — Maintenance Introduction.- 6.1 DCS Operational and Maintenance Experiences.- 6.2 Maintenance, Reliability, Avai1ability.- 6.3 Collector Field Maintenance: Distributed Solar Thermal Systems.- 6.4 Mirror Delami nation.- VOL II/7. Potential for Improvements.- 7.1 Potential For Improvements.- 7.2 Collector Fields: Potential For Improvements.- VOL III/2. Site Description.- VOL III/3. Meteorological Conditions.- 3.1 SSPS Meteorological Conditions 1982 — 1984.- VOL III/4. Environmental Conditions/Reflectivity.- 4.1 Environmental Condition Impacts on Solar Mirrow Reflectivity Degradation.- 4.2 Method for Estimating the Reflectivity Distribution.- VOL III/5. Soiling.- 5.1 Dust Analysis.- 5.2 Soiling Effects: Coating Investigations.- Appendices.- SSPS CRS Bibliography.- SSPS DCS Bibliography.- Solar Terminology.- Abbreviations.