The Functional Fold: Amyloid Structures in Nature

ISBN-13: 9789814267403 / Angielski / Twarda / 2012 / 198 str.

Suzanne P. Jarvis; Anika S. Mostaert

Opis

Amyloid fibrils are known for their association with many devastating human diseases, but non-pathogenic amyloid with useful roles have been identified in a wide range of organisms in nature. This book offers information on functional amyloid. It covers the importance of amyloid fibrils in fungi, bacteria, and invertebrate and vertebrate animals.

Spis treści

The World of Functional Amyloid
Protein Misfolding and Aggregation
Structural Properties of Amyloid
Amyloid Formation Mechanisms
Amyloid as a Pathological Entity
Amyloid Is a Functional Protein Quaternary Structure
Challenges and Future Directions
Hagfish Slime Threads
Introduction
Are Hagfish Slime Threads "Disposable Amyloid"?
Slime Threads Are Bundles of Intermediate Filaments
Mechanical Properties
Structural Considerations
Implications for Other Materials Containing Intermediate Filaments
Conclusions and Outlook
Fungal Fibrils: Application of the Amyloid Polymer Structure by Fungi
Introduction
Early Observations of Rodlets
The Two Classes of Hydrophobins
Hydrophobins and Amyloid
Structural Change During Rodlet Formation
Specialization and Functional Significance of These Functional Amyloids
Conclusions
Silkmoth Chorion: A Natural Protective Amyloid
Introduction
Silkmoth Chorion Protein Peptide-Analogues
Model Structure of Silkmoth Chorion Amyloidogenic Peptides
Sikmoth Chorion: A Natural Protective Amyloid
Spider Silk
Introduction
Overview of Silk Structure, Mechanics, and Assembly
Conclusion
Yeast Prions: Their Assembly into Protein Fibrils and the Role of Assembly Modulators
Introduction
Prions in Yeast
The [PSI+], [PIN], [URE3], and [Het-s] Phenotypes
In vitro Assembly of Sup35p, Rnq1p, Ure2p, and HET-s into Protein Fibrils
Structural Basis of Yeast Prion Propagation
Structural Models at an Atomic Resolution for Fibrillar Prion Proteins
Molecular Chaperones and the Propagation of Yeast Prions
Nature of the Infectious Form of Yeast Prions
Conclusions and Outlook
Curli Extracellular Matrix
Bacterial Biofilms and the Curli Extracellular Matrix
The Curli Gene Cluster
From Regulation to Secretion
Curli Biogenesis: Mechanism, Kinetics, and Fibril Structure
Functional Role of Curli
Summary
Amyloid-Based Natural Adhesives and Cements
Introduction to Natural Adhesives
Amyloid in Natural Adhesives
AFM as a Tool for Exploring Natural Adhesives
Biomimetic Development of Amyloid- Inspired Adhesives
Conclusions
Mammalian Functional Amyloid
Amyloid as a Structural and Regulatory Component of Haemostasis
Amyloid Coordinates Melanin Biosynthesis in Mammals
Conclusion
Unfolding the Future
The Field to Date
The Challenge of Identification
The Latest Discoveries
Relevance to the Field of Pathogenic Amyloid
Applications of Functional Amyloid
Conclusions

O autorze

Suzi Jarvis, Anika Mostaert