The Excretory Function of Higher Plants

ISBN-13: 9783642781322 / Angielski / Miękka / 2011 / 314 str.

Victoria V. Roshchina; Valentina D. Roshchina

Opis

The secretory activity of plants is a manifestation of the fundamental property of all living organisms: the ability to exchange substances and energy with the environment. This book summarizes today's knowledge of all such secretory activities of higher plants. It equally considers the cellular aspects, intratissular and external secretion, gas excretion and the excretion of substances under extreme conditions as well as the biological effects of plant excreta.

Spis treści

1 Cellular Aspects of Secretory Activity in Plants.- 1.1 Significance of Secretory Processes for the Cell.- 1.2 Compartmentation of Metabolites and Mechanisms of Their Secretion.- 1.3 Secretion into the Free Space of the Cell.- 1.4 Secretion into the Vacuole.- 1.5 Idioblasts.- 2 Intratissular Secretion.- 2.1 Air-Bearing System of Plants.- 2.2 Internal Gases.- 2.2.1 Carbon Dioxide.- 2.2.2 Ethylene.- 2.2.3 Other Volatile Compounds.- 2.2.4 Transport of Internal Gases.- 2.3 Intratissular Secretory Structures.- 2.3.1 Secretion of Resins.- 2.3.2 Secretion of Latex.- 2.3.3 Secretion of Gum and Essential Oils.- 3 External Secretion.- 3.1 Guttation.- 3.2 Salt Glands and Secretion of Inorganic Salts.- 3.3 Secretion of Nectar.- 3.4 Secretion of Polysaccharides.- 3.5 Secretion of Proteins.- 3.6 Secretion of Essential Oils.- 3.7 Secretion of Resins.- 3.8 Secretion of Phenols.- 3.9 Secretion of Alkaloids.- 3.10 Secretion of Acetylcholine and Amines by Stinging Trichomes.- 4 Gas Excretion.- 4.1 The Pathways of Gas Release.- 4.2 Volatile Excretions as Complexes of Substances.- 4.3 Components of Gaseous Excreta.- 4.3.1 Short-Chain Hydrocarbons.- 4.3.2 Isoprene and Terpenoids.- 4.3.3 Aldehydes and Ketones.- 4.3.4 Low-Molecular Alcohols.- 4.3.5 Volatile Nitrogen-Containing Substances.- 4.3.6 Carbon Monoxide and Hydrogen.- 4.4 The Significance of Gas Excretion.- 5 Leaching.- 5.1 The Cell Wall as a Phase of Leaching.- 5.2 Leaching of Salts.- 5.3 Leaching of Organic Compounds.- 5.4 Dependence of Leaching on External Factors, Phase of Development, and Anatomy of Plants.- 5.5 Physiological Meaning of Leaching.- 6 The Elimination of Substances in Response to Extreme Factors.- 6.1 Injuries to Membranes Under Stresses.- 6.2 Metabolites Released Under Stress.- 6.2.1 Ethylene.- 6.2.2 Ethane and Other Simple Hydrocarbons.- 6.2.3 Terpenoids.- 6.2.4 Alcohols.- 6.2.5 Aldehydes and Ketones.- 6.2.6 Hydrogen Cyanide.- 6.2.7 Phenols.- 6.2.8 Alkaloids.- 6.2.9 Polyacetylenes, Thiophenes, and Traumatic Acids.- 6.2.10 Other Nitrogen- and Sulfur-Containing Compounds.- 6.2.11 Phytoalexins.- 7 Biological Effects of Plant Excreta.- 7.1 Growth Processes and Cell Destruction.- 7.1.1 Division and Elongation of Cells.- 7.1.2 Pollen Germination.- 7.1.3 Destructive Changes in Cells.- 7.2 Cellular Membranes as Targets for Action of Plant Excreta.- 7.3 Energetic Reactions.- 7.4 Metabolic Processes.- 7.5 Problems and Perspectives in the Use of Plant Excreta.- 7.5.1 Plant Resistance to Pathogens.- 7.5.2 Chemical Interactions: Plant-Insect and Plant-Plant..- 7.5.3 Use in Medicine.- Conclusion.- References.- Index of Latin Names.