The Dynamics of Science and Technology: Social Values, Technical Norms and Scientific Criteria in the Development of Knowledge

ISBN-13: 9789027708809 / Angielski / Twarda / 1978 / 294 str.

Wolfgang Krohn; Edwin T. Layton; Peter Weingart

Opis

The interrelations of science and technology as an object of study seem to have drawn the attention of a number of disciplines: the history of both science and technology, sociology, economics and economic history, and even the philosophy of science. The question that comes to mind is whether the phenomenon itself is new or if advances in the disciplines involved account for this novel interest, or, in fact, if both are intercon nected. When the editors set out to plan this volume, their more or less explicit conviction was that the relationship of science and technology did reveal a new configuration and that the disciplines concerned with 1tS analysis failed at least in part to deal with the change because of conceptual and methodological preconceptions. To say this does not imply a verdict on the insufficiency of one and the superiority of any other one disciplinary approach. Rather, the situation is much more complex. In economics, for example, the interest in the relationship between science and technology is deeply influenced by the theoretical problem of accounting for the factors of economic growth. The primary concern is with technology and the problem is whether the market induces technological advances or whether they induce new demands that explain the subsequent diffusion of new technologies. Science is generally considered to be an exogenous factor not directly subject to market forces and, therefore, appears to be of no interest."

Spis treści

I Science and Technology The Conceptual Distinction Reconsidered.- Physics — Natural Science or Technology?.- Goal Direction of Scientific Research.- II The Interrelation between Science and Technology A Close-up View at Determining Factors.- Millwrights and Engineers, Science, Social Roles, and the Evolution of the Turbine in America.- Science, Technology and Economics: The Invention of Radio as a Case Study.- On the Relation between Technology and Science — Goals of Knowledge and Dynamics of Theories. The Example of Combustion Technology, Thermodynamics and Fluidmechanics.- III Science and Technology in Their Social Context.- Technology Academised: Education and Training of the Engineer in the 19th Century.- The Coming of the Assembly Line to Europe.- Ideologies of ‘Art’ and ‘Science’ in Medicine: The Transition from Medical Care to the Application of Technique in the British Medical Profession.- IV The Scientification of Technology.- The ‘Scientification’ of Technology.- The Relation between Science and Technology — A Sociological Explanation.