The Chloroplast: Basics and Applications

ISBN-13: 9789048185306 / Angielski / Twarda / 2010 / 426 str.

Constantin Rebeiz; Christoph Benning; Hans Bohnert

Opis

As the industrial revolution that has been based on by higher photosynthetic efficiencies and more utilization of fossil fuels nears its end R. A. Ker biomass production per unit area. (2007) Even oil optimists expect energy demand to According to Times Magazine (April 30, 2007 outstrip supply. Science 317: 437], the next indus- issue), one fifth of the US corn crop is presently trial revolution will most likely need development converted into ethanol, which is considered to burn of alternate sources of clean energy. In addition cleaner than gasoline and to produce less gre- to the development of hydroelectric power, these house gases. In order to meet a target of 35 billion efforts will probably include the conversion of gallons of ethanol produced by the year 2017, the wind, sea wave motion and solar energy Solar Day entire US corn crop would need to be turned into in the Sun (2007) Business week, October 15, pp fuel. But crops such as corn and sugarcane cannot 69-76] into electrical energy. The most promising yield enough to produce all the needed fuel. F- of those will probably be based on the full usage thermore, even if all available starch is converted of solar energy. The latter is likely to be plenti- into fuel, it would only produce about 10% of ful for the next 2-3 billion years. Most probably, our gasoline needs R. F.

Recenzje

From the reviews:

"This book is another valuable contribution to the growing library of volumes in the Springer series 'Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration' ... . the volume focuses on the bioengineering of improved photosynthetic efficiency as a method to increase agricultural plant productivity, improve biofuel production, and even support extra-terrestrial space colonization. ... Beginning students will gain much from the review material and advanced researchers will find the chapters on direct applications to be very useful in guiding their thinking and future experiments." (Robert R. Wise, Annals of Botany, Vol. 112 (3), August, 2013)

Spis treści

From the Series Editor.- Contents.- Preface.- Contributors.- Authors.- Acknowledgements.- The Editors.- 1. Investigation of Possible Relationships between the Chlorophyll Biosynthetic Pathway, the Assembly of Chlorophyll-Protein Complexes and Photosynthetic Efficiency; C.A. Rebeiz.- 2. Evidence for Various 4-Vinyl Reductase Activities in Higher Plants; V.L. Kolossov, C.A. Rebeiz.- 3. Control of the Metabolic Flow in Tetrapyrrole Biosynthesis: Regulation of Expression and Activity of Enzymes in the Mg Branch of Tetrapyrrole Biosynthesis; B. Grimm.- 4. Regulation and Functions of the Chlorophyll Cycle; R. Tanaka et al.- 5. Magnesium Chelatase; C.G. Kannangara, D. von Wettstein.- 6. The Enigmatic Chlorophyll a Molecule in the Cytochrome b?f Complex; W.A. Cramer et al.- 7. The Non-mevalonate DOXP/MEP Pathway (Deoxyxylulose 5-Phosphate/Methylerythritol 4-Phosphate Pathway) of Chloroplast Isoprenoid and Pigemtn Biosynthesis; H.K. Lichtenthaler.- 8. The Methylerythritol 4-Phosphate Pathway: Regulatory Role in Plastid Isoprenoid Biosynthesis; A. Boronat.- 9. The Role of Plastids in Protein Geranylgeranylation in Tobacco BY-2 Cells; E. Gerber et al.- 10. The Role of the Methyl-Erythritol-Phosphate Pathway in Rhythmic Emission of Volatiles; D.A. Nagegowda.- 11. Tocochromanols: Biological Function and Recent Advances to Engineer Plastidial Biochemistry for Enhanced Oil Seed Vitamin E Levels; H.E. Valentin, Q. Qi.- 12. The Anionic Chloroplast Membrane Lipids Phosphatidylglycerol and Sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; Ch. Benning.- 13. Biosynthesis and Function of Monogalactosyldiacylglycerol, the Signature Lipid of Chloroplasts; Y. Nakamura et al.- 14. Synthesis and Functiion of the Galactolipid Digalactosyldiacylglycerol; P. Dörmann.- 15. The Chemistry and Biology of Light-Harvesting Complex II and Thylakoid Biogenesis: raison d’etre of Chorophylls b and c; J.K. Hooper et al.- 16. Folding and Pigment Binding of Light-Harvesting Chlorophyll a/b Protein; H. Paulsen et al.- 17.The Plastid Genome as a Platform for the Expression of Microbial Resistance Genes; T.A. Ruhlman et al.- 18. Chloroplast Genetic Engineering: A Novel Technology for Agricultural Biotechnology and Bio-pharmaceutical Industry; N.D. Singh, H. Daniell.- 19. Engineering the Sunflower Rubisco Subunits into Tobacco Chloroplasts: New Considerations; R.E. Sharwood, S.M. Whitney.- 20. Engineering Photosynthetic Enzymes Involved in CO? - Assimilation by Gene Shuffling; G. Zhu et al.- 21. Elevated CO? and Ozone: Their Effects on Photosynthesis; R. Grene et al.- 22. Regulation of Photosynthetic Electron Transport; T. Shikana.- 23. Mechanisms of Drought and High Light Stress Tolerance Studied in a Xerophyte, Citrullus Ianatus (Wild Watermelon); Y. Nanasato et al.- 24. Antioxidants and Photo-oxidative Stress Responses in Plants and Algae; A. Sirikhachornkit, K.K. Niyogi.- 25. Singlet Oxygen-Induced Oxidative Stress in Plants; B.C. Tripathy, G.K. Pattanayak.

Blurb

The world population is expected to increase to 9 billion by the year 2050 which will generate food and fuel shortages. Since it will be difficult to increase the land area under cultivation without serious environmental consequences, higher productivity for biomass is required. Improvement in photosynthetic efficiency would require increased knowledge and deeper understanding of :(a) the biosynthesis of photosynthetic membrane components such as hemes, chlorophylls, carotenoids, quinones, and lipids; (b) photosynthetic membrane apoprotein biosynthesis; (c) the biosynthesis and regulation of the assembly of pigment-apoprotein complexes; and (d) the complexities of carbon sensing, biosynthesis and allocation. These goals may be accomplished by bioengineering of chloroplasts with higher photosynthetic efficiency and superior adaptation to various stresses and/or alteration of the kinetic properties of the CO₂-assimilating enzyme, Rubisco. Advances towards this goal are addressed in this volume that will foster cooperation between biochemists and molecular biologists, scientists involved in photosynthesis research and biotechnologists involved in plant and plastid genomics and transformation. We envision future research to focus attention on "Chloroplast Bioengineering" as an integrated novel field of research. This book is designed for graduate students and researchers in chlorophyll metabolism, integrative plant biology, plant physiology, plant biochemistry, plant molecular biology, biotechnology, bioenergy and biofuels.