The Chemist's Companion: A Handbook of Practical Data, Techniques, and References

ISBN-13: 9780471315902 / Angielski / Twarda / 1973 / 560 str.

Arnold J. Gordon;Gordon; Richard A. Ford

Opis

Here in one source is a wide variety of practical, everyday information often required by chemists but seldom found together, if at all, in the standard handbooks, data collections, manuals, and other usual sources. Discussing physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of substances and systems, the authors answer such questions as:

• How do I test for and destroy peroxides in different solvents and what is the best way to purify such solvents?
• What are the structure, physical properties, and recent references to the use of common-name solvents and solvent aids such as the "Skellysolves," "Cellosolves," "Crownanes," and "Glymes"?
• What is the utility of a particular molecular sieve, or permeation gel, or epoxy cement, or liquid crystal, and where do I buy them and find references to their application?

The book is divided into nine chapters and covers properties of atoms and molecules, spectroscopy, photochemistry, chromatography, kinetics and thermodynamics, various experimental techniques, and mathematical and numerical information, including the definitions, values, and usage rules of the newly adopted International System of Units (SI Units). A section on statistical treatment of data which provides an actual least-squares computer program is also included. In the spectroscopy chapter, very extensive and up-to-date collections of spectral correlation data are presented for ir, uv-vis, optical rotation, nmr, and mass spectra, along with data on esr and nqr spectroscopy. Also included is a variety of hard-to-classify but frequently sought information, such as names and addresses of microanalysis companies and chemistry publishers, descriptions and commercial sources of atomic and molecular models, and safety data for hazardous chemicals. More than 500 key references are also included, most of which are recent. There are important hints and definitions associated with the art as well as the state of the art for the appropriate subjects. Also found throughout the book are about 250 suppliers and directions for obtaining special booklets or other material. Containing a wealth of useful information, The Chemist's Companion will be an indispensable guide for students and professional chemists in nearly all the chemical disciplines. In addition, it will provide for the teacher and student an unusual adjunct for use in a broad cross-section of chemistry courses.

Spis treści

Properties of Molecular Systems

I. Properties of Solvents and Common Liquids

II. Azeotropic Data

III. Empirical Boiling Point–Pressure Relationships

IV. Properties of Selected Gases

V. Properties of Representative Fused Salt Systems

VI. Structure and Properties of Naturally Occurring –Amino Acids

VII. Properties and Applications of Liquid Crystals

VIII. Prototropic Tautomerism

IX. Acids and Bases

Properties of Atoms and Bonds

I. Properties of the Elements

II. Table of Isotopes

III. Selected Bond Lengths

IV. Effective van der Waals Radii

V. Bond Angles and Hybridization

VI. Selected Bond Strengths

VII. Force Constants

VIII. Torsion and Inversion Barriers

IX. Bond and Group Dipole Moments

X. Aromaticity

Kinetics and Energetics

I. Activation Parameters and Kinetics of Selected Reactions

II. Linear Free Energy Relationships

III. Conformational Free Energy Values

IV. Free Energy–Composition Chart

Spectroscopy

I. The Electromagnetic Spectrum

II. Solvents and Other Media for Spectral Measurements

III. Optical Materials for Spectroscopy and Photochemistry

IV. Vibration Spectra

V. Electronic Absorption and Emission Spectra: UV and Vis

VI. Optical Activity and Optical Rotation

VII. Mass Spectrometry

VIII. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

IX. Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy

X. Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance Spectroscopy

XI. Bibliography of Spectral Data Compilations

Photochemistry

I. Electronic Energy State Diagram

II. Excited State Energy Transfer: Sensitizers and Quenchers

III. Photochemistry Light Sources and Equipment

IV. Chemical Actinometry: Quantum Yield

V. Suppliers

VI. References

Chromatography

I. Fundamental Types of Chromatography and Basic Definitions

II. Adsorption Chromatography

III. Paper Chromatography

IV. Column and Thin Layer Partition Chromatography

V. Ion–Exchange Chromatography

VI. Gel Filtration and Gel Permeation Chromatography

VII. Automated Liquid Chromatography

VIII. Electrophoresis

IX. Vapor Phase Chromatography

X. Chromatography Supply Directory

XI. References

Experimental Techniques

I. Properties of Laboratory Materials

II. Standard Glassware Cleaning Solutions

III. Purification of Common Solvents

IV. Detection of Peroxides and Their Removal

V. Chemical Methods for Deoxygenating Gases and Liquids

VI. Simple Chemical Methods for Detecting Specific Gases

VII. Simple Preparations of Some Dry Gases

VIII. Common Solvents for Crystallization

IX. Solvents for Extraction of Aqueous Solutions

X. Drying Agents

XI. Solvents and Baths for Heating and Cooling

XII. Molecular Weight Determination

Mathematical and Numerical Information

I. Approved International Units System and General Constants

II. Useful Conversion Factors

III. Wavelength–Wavenumber Conversion Table

IV. Multiples of Element and Group Weights

V. Molecular Symmetry: Definitions and Common Systems

VI. Character Tables for Common Symmetry Groups

VII. Computer Programs

VIII. Statistical Treatment of Data

Miscellaneous

I. Important Chemistry Reference Sources: A Bibliography

II. Atomic and Molecular Models

III. Addresses of Publishers that Deal With Chemistry

IV. Combustion Microanalysis and Other Custom Analytical Services

V. Hazards of Common Chemicals

Suppliers Index

Subject Index

O autorze

About the Authors ARNOLD J. GORDON is Associate Director of Scientific Affairs at Pfizer Pharmaceuticals. He was previously a member of the chemistry faculty of the Catholic University of America. Dr. Gordon received a B.S. degree in Chemical Engineering from Northeastern University and a Ph.D. degree in Organic Chemistry from New York University. He is the author of more than 25 articles published in journals and books in such diverse areas as stereochemistry, synthesis, new drug development, organic semiconductors and chemical education. R. A. FORD is Assistant Professor at Montgomery College in Takoma Park, Maryland. He was previously Assistant Professor at Catholic University. Dr. Ford received a Ph.D. degree at Wayne State University.

Blurb

The Chemist’s Companion A Handbook of Practical Data, Techniques, and References Arnold J. Gordon and Richard A. Ford Contents Properties of Molecular Systems Properties of Solvents and Common Liquids Azeotropic Data Empirical Boiling Point–Pressure Relationships Properties of Selected Gases Properties of Representative Fused Salt Systems Structure and Properties of Naturally Occurring –Amino Acids Properties and Applications of Liquid Crystals Prototropic Tautomerism Acids and Bases Properties of Atoms and Bonds Properties of the Elements Table of Isotopes Selected Bond Lengths Effective van der Waals Radii Bond Angles and Hybridization Selected Bond Strengths Force Constants Torsion and Inversion Barriers Bond and Group Dipole Moments Aromaticity Kinetics and Energetics Activation Parameters and Kinetics of Selected Reactions Linear Free Energy Relationships Conformational Free Energy Values Free Energy–Composition Chart Spectroscopy The Electromagnetic Spectrum Solvents and Other Media for Spectral Measurements Optical Materials for Spectroscopy and Photochemistry Vibration Spectra Electronic Absorption and Emission Spectra: Uv and Vis Optical Activity and Optical Rotation Mass Spectrometry Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance Spectroscopy Bibliography of Spectral Data Compilations Photochemistry Electronic Energy State Diagram Excited State Energy Transfer: Sensitizers and Quenchers Photochemistry Light Sources and Equipment Chemical Actinometry: Quantum Yield Suppliers References Chromatography Fundamental Types of Chromatography and Basic Definitions Adsorption Chromatography Paper Chromatography Column and Thin Layer Partition Chromatography Ion–Exchange Chromatography Gel Filtration and Gel Permeation Chromatography Automated Liquid Chromatography Electrophoresis Vapor Phase Chromatography Chromatography Supply Directory References Experimental Techniques Properties of Laboratory Materials Standard Glassware Cleaning Solutions Purification of Common Solvents Detection of Peroxides and Their Removal Chemical Methods for Deoxygenating Gases and Liquids Simple Chemical Methods for Detecting Specific Gases Simple Preparations of Some Dry Gases Common Solvents for Crystallization Solvents for Extraction of Aqueous Solutions Drying Agents Solvents and Baths for Heating and Cooling Molecular Weight Determination Mathematical and Numerical Information Approved International Units System and General Constants Useful Conversion Factors Wavelength–Wavenumber Conversion Table Multiples of Element and Group Weights Molecular Symmetry: Definitions and Common Systems Character Tables for Common Symmetry Groups Computer Programs Statistical Treatment of Data Miscellaneous Important Chemistry Reference Sources: A Bibliography Atomic and Molecular Models Addresses of Publishers that Deal With Chemistry Combustion Microanalysis and Other Custom Analytical Services Hazards of Common Chemicals Suppliers Index Subject Index