Part I: Introduction to Teratology Testing
1. Updating an Overview of Teratology
Ana Margarida Calado, Fernanda Seixas, and Maria dos Anjos Pires
2. Guidelines on Development Toxicity Tests: Brief Insights
Sofia Alves-Pimenta, Luís Félix, Bruno Colaço, Paula A. Oliveira, and Carlos Venâncio
3. Development Features on the Selection of Animal Models for Teratogenic Testing
Sofia Alves-Pimenta, Bruno Colaço, Paula A. Oliveira, and Carlos Venâncio
4. Virus as Teratogenic Agents
Ana Margarida Calado, Fernanda Seixas, and Maria dos Anjos Pires
5. The Future of the Teratogenicity Testing
Muhsin Aydin, Banu Guven Ezer, and Eyyup Rencuzogullari
6. The First Steps on AOPs' Concepts, Development, and Applications in Teratology
Leonardo Vieira, Terezinha Souza, and Davi Farias
7. Machine Learning to Predict Teratogenicity: Theory and Practice
Latifa Douali
Part II: Experimental-Based Teratology Testing
8. Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Based Assays to Predict Developmental Toxicity
Madhura Banerjee, Aritrika Das, Prarthana Chatterjee, and Satarupa Banerjee
9. Developmental Toxicity Using the Rat Whole Embryo Culture
Zeliha Fazliogullari
10. A Modified Murine Embryonic Stem Cell Test for Evaluating the Teratogenic Effects of Drugs
Mahshid Hodjat and Mohammad Abdollahi
11. Teratogenic Effects of Drugs on Primary Lymphocytes Assessed by Flow Cytometry
Ahmad Salimi and Zhaleh Jamali
12. Assessment of the Teratogenic Effect of Drugs on the Chicken Embryo
Lucas Rosa Fraga, Maikel Rosa de Oliveira, Karina Maria Wermann, and Neil Vargesson
13. Daphnia magna as a Model Organism to Predict the Teratogenic Effect of Different Compounds
Monalisa Mishra
14. Caenorhabditis elegans as an In Vivo Model Organism to Elucidate Teratogenic Effects
Zhenglu Wang
15. Enduring Ethanol-Induced Behavioral Alterations in Caenorhabditis elegans after Developmental Lead Exposure
Lucia E. Fernandez-Hubeid, Paula A. Albrecht, Michael Aschner, and Miriam B. Virgolini
16. Exploration of Teratogenic and Genotoxic Effects on Model Organism Drosophila melanogaster
Seekha Naik and Monalisa Mishra
17. Ecotoxicological Assessment of Seaweed-Based Crop Biostimulant on Earthworm Eudrilus eugeniae Kinb
Kanagaraj Muthu-Pandian Chanthini and Sengottayan Senthil-Nathan
18. Evaluation of the Ecotoxicology of Seaweed-Based Biopesticide Used in Combat of the Polyphagous Pest Using Eudrilus eugeniae Kinb
Kanagaraj Muthu-Pandian Chanthini, Haridoss Sivanesh, Ramakrishnan Ramasubramanian, Vethamonickam Stanley-Raja, Sengodan Karthi, Narayanan Shyam-Sundar, and Sengottayan Senthil-Nathan
19. Biochemical Studies to Understand Teratogenicity and Lethality Outcomes in Modified-FETAX
Abbas Güngördü and Duygu Ozhan Turhan
20. Bioinformatics Methods for Transcriptome Analysis on Teratogenesis Testing
Thayne Woycinck Kowalski, Giovanna Câmara Giudicelli, Julia do Amaral Gomes, Mariana Recamonde-Mendoza, and Fernanda Sales Luiz Vianna
21. Angiogenesis Assay for Live and Fixed Zebrafish Larvae
Vinoth S, Satheeswaran Balasubramanian, Ekambaram Perumal, and Kirankumar Santhakumar
22. High-Resolution Respirometry for the Assessment of Teratogenic Chemicals
Christopher L. Souders II, Isaac Konig, and Christopher J. Martyniuk
23. A Stereological Approach to Quantify Immunohistochemical Staining in Zebrafish Larvae
Dércia Santos, Sandra M. Monteiro, and Ana Luzio
24. Whole-Mount Immunohistochemical and Immunofluorescence Assays in Zebrafish Embryos
Mine Köktürk and Fikret Altındağ
25. Assessment of Developmental Neurotoxicity Using Semi-Automatic Behavior Analysis System for Zebrafish
Derya Cansız, İsmail Ünal, Merih Beler, A. Ata Alturfan, and Ebru Emekli-Alturfan
26. Behavioral Profiling of Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Larvae: Activity, Anxiety, Avoidance, and Startle Response
Ana M. Valentim
27. Alcian Blue Staining for Chondrocranium Development in Zebrafish
Merih Beler, İsmail Ünal, Derya Cansız, and Ebru Emekli-Alturfan
28. Protocol of Geometric Morphometrics for Teratogenicity Testing
Mariana Caipira Lei, Luís Félix, and Carlos Venâncio
29. Biochemical Markers for Liver Injury in Zebrafish Larvae
Rafael Xavier Martins, Juliana Alves Costa Ribeiro Souza, Maria Eduarda Maia, Matheus Carvalho, Terezinha Souza, and Davi Farias
30. Cortisol Quantification for Assessing Stress-Induced Changes in Zebrafish Larvae
Raquel S.F. Vieira, Carlos Venâncio, and Luís Félix
31. Metabolomic Fingerprint Assay in Zebrafish Embryos
Theodoros G. Chatzimitakos, Ioannis Leonardos, and Constantine D. Stalikas
32. Alkaline Comet Assay to Assess Genotoxicity in Zebrafish Larvae
Ondina Ribeiro, Isabel Gaivão, and João Soares Carrola
33. A Chromogenic Quantification of Protein Expression in Zebrafish Larvae
Luís Félix
34. Confocal Microscopy Technique in Teratogenicity Testing Using Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryos as Model
Thangal Yumnamcha, Reema Khangembam, Sangeeta Yanglem, Kshetrimayum Ophelia, Sonali Thokchom, and Damayanti Maibam
35. Whole-Mount RNA In Situ Hybridization of Zebrafish Embryos
İsmail Ünal, Derya Cansız, Merih Beler, A. Ata Alturfan, and Ebru Emekli-Alturfan
36. Quantitative Real-Time PCR Method to Evaluate Gene Expression in Zebrafish Embryos
Merih Beler, Derya Cansız, İsmail Ünal, and Ebru Emekli-Alturfan
37. Microarray Analysis to Determine Gene Expression Changes in Zebrafish Embryos
İsmail Ünal, Merih Beler, Derya Cansız, and Ebru Emekli-Alturfan
38. Cell-Free DNA and Next-Generation Sequencing for Prenatal Diagnosis
Klaus Rieneck
This fully updated volume collects laboratory techniques and tests to assess the risks to embryo-fetal development from drug exposure during early developmental stages. Beginning with a section detailing basic principles of teratogenicity, the book continues with application of in vitro models for teratogenic screening to predict toxicity in embryonic animals and humans, as well as a variety of well-established in vivo animal model tests, which offer solutions for evaluating the efficacy and the teratogenicity of compounds in preclinical trials before human safety testing. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step and readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.
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