System-Theoretical Modelling in Surface Water Hydrology

ISBN-13: 9783642838217 / Angielski / Miękka / 2013 / 200 str.

Alexander Lattermann

Opis

Modelling of hydrological rainfall-runoff processes is facilitated by the application of the systemtheoretical approach to linear, nonlinear and stochastic models. To this purpose, the variables involved in methods for determinating areal precipitation and baseflow separation are discussed. The convolution theorem in the theory of linear systems and the mathematical transform technique (Laplace-, Z-transformation) are used to identify characteristics of the watershed, and simulate hydrological processes. To support the calculation of model output functions, computer programs are included in the text. This volume is suitable as a text for hydrology courses at universities or engineering academies.

Spis treści

1 Introduction.- 2 Preparation of Hydrological Variables for Modelling.- 2.1 Mean Areal Precipitation.- 2.2 Baseflow and Runoff.- 2.3 Effective Rainfall.- 3 Treatment of Hydrological Variables in Linear System Models.- 3.1 System-Theoretical Elements.- 3.2 Concepts in Linear Systems.- 3.3 Treatment of Variables in the Time Domain.- 3.3.1 Impulse and Step Function.- 3.3.2 Resolution of System Input Functions.- 3.3.3 System Response Function.- 3.3.4 Synthesis of System Output Functions by Convolution.- 3.4 Treatment of Variables in the Frequency Domain.- 3.4.1 Fourier, Laplace and Z-Transformations.- 3.4.2 Convolution Theorem.- 3.4.3 Synthesis of System Output Functions by Convolution.- 3.5 Particular Linear Systems (Conceptional Models).- 3.5.1 Model of Linear Reservoir.- 3.5.2 Model of Linear Cascade.- 3.5.3 Model After Clark.- 3.6 Identification of Linear Systems.- 3.6.1 Method of Differentiation.- 3.6.2 Method of Transform Technique.- 3.6.3 Method of Matrix Approach.- 3.7 Linear Systems with Stochastic Inputs.- 3.7.1 Random Processes and Linear Systems.- 3.7.2 Equations Wiener—Hopf and Yule—Walker.- 3.7.3 Common Random Processes as System Input.- 3.7.4 Random Processes of the ARMA Type.- 3.7.5 Whitening and Innovation Filters.- 3.7.6 Filters of Smoothing and Prediction.- 4 Treatment of Hydrological Variables in Non-Linear Systems.- 4.1 Volterra Series Model.- 4.2 Composition of Parallel Submodels.- Appendix 1 Program: PMSB1.- Appendix 2 Program: PMSB2.- Appendix 3 Program: PMSB3.- Appendix 4 Program: PMSB4.- Appendix 5 Program: PMSB5.- Appendix 6 Program: PREF1.- Appendix 7 Program: PREF2.- Appendix 8 Program: PREF3.- Appendix 9 Program: VAZAO1.- Appendix 10 Program: VAZAO2.- Appendix 11 Program: VAZAO3.- Appendix 12 Program: VAZAO4.- Appendix 13 Program: IDENT1.- Appendix 14 Program: IDENT2.- Appendix 15 Program: PCORR.