Symmetry Breaking

ISBN-13: 9783642092732 / Angielski / Miękka / 2010 / 216 str.

Franco Strocchi

Opis

The main motivation for such lecture notes is the importance of the concept and mechanism of spontaneous symmetry breaking in modern theoretical physics and the relevance of a textbook exposition at the graduate student level beyond the oversimpli?ed (non-rigorous) treatments, often con?ned to speci?c models. One of the main points is to emphasize that the radical loss of symmetric behaviour requiresboth the existence of non-symmetric ground states and the in?nite extension of the system. The ?rst Part on SYMMETRY BREAKING IN CLASSICAL SYSTEMS is devoted to the mathematical understanding of spontaneous symmetry breaking on the basis of classical ?eld theory. The main points, which do not seem to appear in textbooks, are the following. i) ExistenceofdisjointHilbertspacesectors, stable under time e- lution in the set of solutions of the classical (non-linear) ?eld equations. Theyarethestrictanalogsofthedi?erentphasesofstatisticalmechanical systems and/or of the inequivalent representations of local ?eld algebras in quantum ?eld theory (QFT). As in QFT, such structures rely on the concepts of locality (or localization) and stability, (see Chap. 5), with emphasis on the physicalmotivations of the mathematicalconcepts; such structures have the physical meaning of disjoint physical worlds, disjoint phases etc. which can be associated to a given non-linear ?eld equation. The result of Theorem 5.2 may be regarded as a generalization of the criterium of stability to in?nite dimensional systems and it links such n stability to elliptic problems inR with non-trivial boundary conditions at in?nity (Appendix E).

Recenzje

From the reviews of the second edition:

"This second edition of Strocchi's Symmetry breaking presents a complete, generalized and highly rigorous discussion of the subject, based on a formal analysis of conditions necessary for the mechanism of spontaneous symmetry breaking to occur in classical systems, as well as in quantum systems. ... this book is specifically recommended for mathematical physicists interested in a deeper and rigorous understanding of the subject, and it should be mandatory for researchers studying the mechanism of spontaneous symmetry breaking." (Serena Hajjawi, Mathematical Reviews, 2008)

"The monograph under review is devoted to the mathematical understanding of spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB) ... . The monograph gives a strong mathematical base to the SSB phenomena in applied mathematics and physics. Therefore it will be very useful for mathematicians and physicists, students of relevant specialties." (Boris V. Loginov, Zentralblatt MATH, Vol. 1145, 2008)

Spis treści

Symmetry Breaking in Classical Systems.- Symmetries of a Classical System.- Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking.- Symmetries in Classical Field Theory.- General Properties of Solutions of Classical Field Equations.- Stable Structures, Hilbert Sectors, Phases.- Stability under Space Translations. Positive Energy.- Noether Theorem and Symmetry Breaking.- Examples.- The Goldstone Theorem.- Symmetry Breaking in Quantum Systems.- Quantum Mechanics. Algebraic Structure and States.- Fock Representation.- Non-Fock Representations.- Mathematical Description of Infinitely Extended Quantum Systems.- Physically Relevant Representations.- Cluster Property and Pure Phases.- Examples.- Symmetry Breaking in Quantum Systems.- Examples.- Constructive Symmetry Breaking.- Symmetry Breaking in the Ising Model.- Thermal States.- Fermi and Bose Gas at Non-zero Temperature.- Quantum Fields at Non-zero Temperature.- Breaking of Continuous Symmetries. Goldstone’s Theorem.- The Goldstone Theorem at Non-zero Temperature.- The Goldstone Theorem for Relativistic Local Fields.- An Extension of Goldstone Theorem to Non-symmetric Hamiltonians.- Symmetry Breaking in Gauge Theories.- Erratum.- Erratum.

Blurb

This new edition of Prof. Strocchi's well received primer on rigorous aspects of symmetry breaking presents a more detailed and thorough discussion of the mechanism of symmetry breaking in classical field theory in relation with the Noether theorem. Moreover, the link between symmetry breaking without massless Goldstone bosons in Coulomb systems and in gauge theories is made more explicit in terms of the delocalized Coulomb dynamics. Furthermore, the chapter on the Higgs mechanism has been significantly expanded with a non-perturbative treatment of the Higgs phenomenon, at the basis of the standard model of particle physics, in the local and in the Coulomb gauges. Last but not least, a subject index has been added and a number of misprints have been corrected. From the reviews of the first edition:

The notion of spontaneous symmetry breaking has proven extremely valuable, the problem is that most derivations are perturbative and heuristic. Yet mathematically precise versions do exist, but are not widely known. It is precisely the aim of his book to correct this unbalance. - It is remarkable to see how much material can actually be presented in a rigorous way (incidentally, many of the results presented are due to Strocchi himself), yet this is largely ignored, the original heuristic derivations being, as a rule, more popular. - At each step he strongly emphasizes the physical meaning and motivation of the various notions introduced [...] a book that fills a conspicuous gap in the literature, and does it rather well. It could also be a good basis for a graduate course in mathematical physics. It can be recommended to physicists as well and, of course, for physics/mathematics libraries. J.-P. Antoine, Physicalia 28/2, 2006

Strocchi's main emphasis is on the fact that the loss of symmetric behaviour requires both the non-symmetric ground states and the infinite extension of the system. It is written in a pleasant style at a level suitable for graduate students in theoretical physics. While mathematically proper, it is not forbidding for a physics readership; the author is always aware this subject is a branch of physics. It should make profitable reading for many theoretical physicists.

L.H. Ryder, J. Phys. A, 38 (2005) 9719-9730

In these notes the author explores the phenomenon of spontaneous symmetry breaking as it arises in classical and quantum systems. Despite many accounts in popular textbooks and a widespread belief, the phenomenon is rather subtle, requires an infinite set of degrees of freedom and an advanced mathematical setting of the system under investigation. [...] The mathematically oriented graduate student will certainly benefit from this thorough, rigorous and detailed investigation. G. Roepstorff, Zentralblatt MATH, Vol. 1075, 2006