Surface and Colloid Science: Volume 10

ISBN-13: 9781461579687 / Angielski / Miękka / 2012 / 308 str.

Egon Matijevic

Opis

Ever since the first volume appeared in 1969, this series has received good reviews in a variety of periodicals published in different corners of 'the world. It would seem that the work has fulfilled its purpose as outlined in the Preface to Volume 1. The rapidly increasing interest in surface and colloid science by people engaged in industrial research and development, and in environmental, ecological, medical, pharmaceutical, and other areas, justifies the continuation of such an effort. After nine volumes with John Wiley and Sons, this and subsequent volumes will-by mutual consent-be published by Plenum Press. The editor will do his best to maintain and, if possible, improve the quality of the contributions. While the fundamental philosophy will be preserved, some moderate graphical changes have taken place. These changes were done to enhance the readability and uniformity of the volumes. Occasionally, volumes may appear under the editorship of other scientists in the field. These volumes will be mainly devoted to techniques in surface and colloid science. For reasons of continuity a sequential numbering system will be used.

Spis treści

1. Microcapsules: Their Preparation and Properties.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Methods of Preparation.- 2.1. Phase Separation Methods.- 2.2. Interfacial Polymerization Methods.- 3. Properties of Microcapsules.- 3.1. Size Distribution.- 3.2. Membrane Thickness.- 3.3. Mechanical Properties.- 3.4. Permeability Characteristics.- 3.5. Zeta Potentials.- 3.6. Membrane Potentials.- 3.7. Ion Exchangeability.- 3.8. Optical Properties.- 3.9. Flow Properties.- 4. Conclusions.- References.- 2. Ultracentrifugal Stability of Emulsions.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Evolution of the Ultracentrifugal Method.- 3. Experimental Technique.- 3.1. Behavior and Methods.- 3.2. Treatment of Data and Different Definitions of Ultracentrifugal Stability.- 4. Effect of Operating Variables on Ultracentrifugal Stability.- 4.1. Effect of Concentration of Emulsifier.- 4.2. Effect of Interfacial Area.- 4.3. Effect of Added Electrolyte.- 4.4. Effect of Added Lauryl Alcohol.- 4.5. Effect of Temperature.- 4.6. Effect of Aging.- 4.7. Effect of Phase Volume Ratio.- 4.8. Effect of Nature of the Disperse Phase.- 4.9. Effect of Emulsifying Agent.- 4.10. Effect of Centrifugal Field.- 4.11. Effect of Sector Angle of the Cell.- 5. Creaming or Sedimentation.- 6. Kinetics and Mechanism of Coalescence.- 6.1. Kinetics of Ultracentrifugal Demulsification.- 6.2. Dynamics of Ultracentrifugal Demulsification.- 7. Attempted Correlation of Ultracentrifugal Data and Shelf-Life Stability.- References.- 3. Coalescence of Secondary Emulsions in Fibrous Beds.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Applications from the Literature.- 3. Theory of Coalescence in Porous Media.- 3.1. Microscopic Observation of the Coalescence Process.- 3.2. Davies and Jeffreys Model.- 3.3. Hazlett Model.- 3.4. Vinson and Churchill Model.- 3.5. Spielman and Goren Model.- 3.6. Sherony and Kintner Model.- 3.7. Rosenfeld and Wasan Model.- 3.8. Conclusions Regarding the Models and Other Work.- 4. Collision Frequency.- 4.1. Brownian Motion.- 4.2. Impaction-Interception.- 4.3. Gradient Coagulation.- 4.4. Turbulent Coagulation.- 5. Coalescence Frequency.- 5.1. Microscopic Measure of Coalescence Frequency.- 5.2. Overall Measure of Coalescence Efficiency.- 6. Dispersed Phase Flow in the Porous Bed.- 6.1. Theory of Saturation.- 6.2. Pressure Drop Across the Coalescer.- 7. Separation of Dispersed Material.- 7.1. The Filtration Coefficient.- 7.2. Concentration Change Across the Separator Ensemble.- 7.3. Methods of Measuring Low Concentrations of the Dispersed Phase.- 8. Theory of Droplet Attachment and Release.- 8.1. Forces between Drops and Solids.- 8.2. Film Thinning between Two Drops.- 8.3. Adhesion and Release of the Drop and Solid.- 9. Summary.- References.- 4. Stability of Colloidal Dispersions in Nonaqueous Media.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Experimental Methods.- 2.1. Preparation of Dispersions.- 2.2. Estimation of Dispersion Stability.- 3. Kinetics of Flocculation.- 3.1. Rapid Flocculation.- 3.2. Slow Flocculation.- 4. Potential Energy of Attraction.- 4.1. Significance of Attractive Energies.- 4.2. Calculation of Attractive Energies.- 5. Repulsion Associated with Electric Charge.- 5.1. The Surface Charge and Its Assessment.- 5.2. Evaluation of Zeta Potential.- 5.3. Electrokinetic Data for Dispersions in Nonaqueous Media.- 5.4. Calculation of Repulsive Energy between Two Charged Particles.- 5.5. Stability Originating Solely from Electrostatic Energy.- 6. Stabilization by Adsorbed Layers.- 6.1. General Remarks.- 6.2. Polymer Adsorption.- 6.3. Theories of Polymer Adsorption and Configuration.- 6.4. Flocculation as a Consequence of Phase Separation.- 6.5. Polymer Solution Theories of Stabilization.- 6.6. Volume Restriction Theories.- 6.7. Computer Simulation Studies.- 6.8. Comparison of Mixing and Volume Restriction Theories.- 6.9. Combination of Attractive and Steric Repulsive Energies.- 6.10. Experimental Determination of Interaction Energies.- References.- 5. Stability of Interfaces.- 1. Introduction.- 2. General Remarks on Stability Analysis.- 3. Techniques of Stability Analysis.- 3.1. Normal Mode Method with Application to Superposed Fluids.- 3.2. Energy Method.- 3.3. Force Method.- 4. Mechanical Effects on Interfacial Stability.- 4.1. Thermodynamic Stability.- 4.2. Effects of Initial Fluid Motion.- 5. Effects of Transport, Phase Transformation, and Chemical Reaction.- 5.1. Transport and Phase Transformation without Flow.- 5.2. Transport and Chemical Reaction.- 5.3. Phase Transformation or Reaction in Disperse Systems.- 5.4. Convection Effects.- 5.5. Interfacial Tension Gradients.- 5.6. Surfactant Films.- 6. Electrical Effects.- 6.1. Applied Electric Fields.- 6.2. Low-Tension Interfaces with Electrical Double Layers.- 6.3. Electrical Shear Stresses and Transport Effects.- 7. Thin Liquid Films.- 8. Concluding Remarks.- References.- Author Index.