Solid Acid Catalysis: From Fundamentals to Applications

ISBN-13: 9789814463287 / Angielski / Twarda / 2014 / 530 str.

Hideshi Hattori; Yoshi Ono

Opis

Solids that possess acidic properties on their surfaces function as catalysts just like liquid acids, such as sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid. By using solid acid catalysts, chemical processes become more productive and more environmentally friendly. In fact, solid acids are being used in many industrial chemical processes from the largest chemical process of catalytic cracking in petroleum refining to the synthesis of various fine chemicals. This book covers the fundamentals of solid acid catalysis, including its history and characterization, and discusses different types of catalysts and solid acid-catalyzed reactions as well as their industrial applications. It comprehensively covers from fundamentals to applications and will be useful for students, young researchers, and advanced researchers.

Spis treści

Introduction
Types of solid acid catalysts
Advantages of solid acid catalysts
Historical overviews of solid acid catalysts
Future outlook

Solid Acids Catalysis
Definition of acid and base -Brnsted acid and Lewis acid-
Acid sites on surfaces
Acid strength
Role of acid sites in catalysis
Bifunctional catalysis
Pore size effect on catalysis –shape selectivity–

Characterization of Solid Acid Catalysts
Indicator method
Temperature programmed desorption (TPD) of ammonia
Calorimetry of adsorption of basic molecules
Infrared spectroscopy
NMR spectroscopy
Test reactions

Catalytic properties of solid acid catalysts
Zeolites
Aluminophosphate molecular sieve
Ordered mosoporous materials
Heteropoly acids
Clay
Alumina and modified alumina
Zirconia and modified zirconia
Mixed oxides
Supported acids
Ion-exchange resins

Hydrocarbon transformations–mechanisms and industrial processes–
Introduction
Fluidized catalytic cracking
Alkylation of benzene
Isomerization of alkanes
Production of p-xylene
Methanol to hydrocabons

Synthesis of organic chemicals through solid acid catalysis
Alkylation
Acylation
Esterification and transesterification
Reactions of epoxides
Dehydration
Conversion of trioses into lactates
Hydration of alkenes
Isomerization/rearrangement
Acetalization, thioacetalization
Prins reaction - Nopol synthesis
Synthesis of flavones and chromenes
Synthesis of xanthenes
Pechmann condensation
Friedländer reaction
Synthesis of amides
Biginelli reaction
Strecker reaction