Soil and Aquifer Pollution: Non-Aqueous Phase Liquids - Contamination and Reclamation

ISBN-13: 9783540625865 / Angielski / Twarda / 1998 / 414 str.

H. Rubin; N. Narkis; J. Carberry

Opis

The contamination of soils and groundwater by petroleum is a growing problem, not only for the oil-producing countries. This book describes the possible approaches for preventing such pollution or, if it occurs, for its reclamation. It combines the knowledge and experience of scientists - providing scientific methods - on the one hand, and engineers - to show what is feasible taking costs into account - on the other. For the various approaches and processes, the experimental analysis, computer model development, and field implementation are discussed. Also considered is the migration of petroleum in soils, and its interaction with the soil and with bacteria.

Spis treści

I Introduction and General Considerations.- 1 Overview of NAPL Contamination and Reclamation.- 2 Solubilization of Dense NAPLs: Exploring the Implications of Experimental Observations on Field-Scale Surfactant-Enhanced Remediation.- II Physical-Chemical Considerations.- 3 Behavior of Volatile Organic Mixtures in the Soil Environment.- 4 Permeability of Porous Media as Affected by Shrinkage and Swelling of Clays.- 5 Sorption-Desorption and Complexation Processes of the Adsorbed and Aqueous Fraction of NAPL — Importance for Complete Cleanup of Aquifers.- 6 Estimating Mass Transfer of Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons from Coal Tar-Contaminated Soil.- 7 Transport and Reactions of Petroleum Contaminants in the Unsaturated Soil Zone from Leaking Underground Tanks.- 8 Aqueous Dissolution of the Constituents of Composite Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid Contaminants.- 9 Release of Soil Organics by Chlorophenols.- III Biological Aspects.- 10 Indigenous Soil Microflora Versus Introduced Microorganisms in Subsurface Bioremediation.- 11 Rate-Limiting Steps in the Microbial Degradation of Petroleum Hydrocarbons.- 12 Biodegradation of Coal Tar Constituents in Aquifer Sediments.- 13 Reversible and Irreversible Binding of Organics to Soils and the Effect of Biodegradation.- IV Contaminant Modeling.- 14 On the Importance of Dimensionality in the Simulation of Dense Non-Aqueous Liquid Migration in the Subsurface.- 15 Modeling of Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid Migration and Recovery in Heterogeneous Aquifers.- 16 Characteristics of Entrapped LNAPL Dissolution and Transport in a Contaminated Fractured Permeable Medium.- 17 Three-Dimensional Modeling of Multi-Phase Flow and Mass Transfer in Porous Media.- 18 Problems of Flow Through Fractured Rock Formations Related to Contamination of Aquifers.- 19 Residual Nonaqueous Phase Liquid Dissolution in Micromodels.- 20 On the Movement of NAPLs Above and Within a Phreatic Aquifer.- 21 In Situ Bioremediation of Residual Entrapped NAPL in Aquifers by a Biodegradable Nutrient-Surfactant Mix.- 22 Application of a Eulerian-Lagrangian Approach for the Simulation of Entrapped NAPL Dissolution and Transport.- 23 Groundwater Contamination Originating from Continuous Oil Leakage from an Underground Source.- V Field Studies.- 24 Surfactant-Enhanced NAPL Remediation: From the Laboratory to the Field.- 25 Case Study of Bioremediation of Soil Contaminated by Diesel Oil.